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I. To calculate the voltage and capacity of lithium batteries, we must first understand the voltage of different cathode materials to calculate the rated voltage.

II. Lithium battery packs are composed of battery cells (cell cores) through series and parallel connections.

Series connection (S): increases voltage while keeping capacity unchanged.

For example: The rated voltage of a ternary lithium battery is 3.6V and the capacity is 2600mAh. Connecting 10 ternary lithium battery cells in series, the battery pack voltage is: 3.6v × 10 = 36V. The capacity remains unchanged at 2600mAh. Finally, it is 36V 2600mAh.

For example: The rated voltage of a lithium iron phosphate battery is 3.2V and the capacity is 4000mAh. Connecting 10 lithium iron phosphate battery cells in series, the battery pack voltage is: 3.2v × 10 = 32V. The capacity remains unchanged at 4000mAh. Finally, it is 32V 4000mAh.

Parallel connection (P): increases capacity while keeping voltage unchanged.

For example: The rated voltage of a ternary lithium battery is 3.6V and the capacity is 2600mAh. Connecting 10 ternary lithium battery cells in parallel, the battery pack capacity is: 2600mAh × 10 = 26000mAh. The voltage remains unchanged at 3.6V. Finally, it is 3.6V 26000mAh.

For example: The rated voltage of a lithium iron phosphate battery is 3.2V and the capacity is 4000mAh. Connecting 10 lithium iron phosphate battery cells in parallel, the battery pack capacity is: 4000mAh × 10 = 40000mAh. The voltage remains unchanged at 3.2V. Finally, it is 3.2V 40000mAh.

If cells are connected in series and parallel at the same time, calculate the voltage and capacity according to the same calculation method.

The power of the lithium battery pack in WH = the rated voltage of the battery pack in V × the capacity of the battery pack in AH.

For example: ternary battery pack 48V 15AH

Voltage: 3.7V × 13 = 48.1V ≈ 48V

Capacity: 2500mAh × 6 = 15000mAh = 15Ah

Power: 48v × 15ah = 720WH

III. How to calculate the number of series connections?

Taking ternary 48V and a rated voltage of 3.6v as an example: 48/3.6 = 13.3 ≈ 14 series.

Taking ternary 48V and a rated voltage of 3.7v as an example: 48/3.7 = 12.9 ≈ 13 series.

Taking lithium iron phosphate 48V and a rated voltage of 3.2V as an example: 48/3.2 = 15 series.

That is to say, ternary 13 or 14 series both represent 48V, and the charger should be selected appropriately; lithium iron phosphate 15 series represents 48V.

Taking a 48V battery as an example:

Example: Calculating with a ternary single cell of 3.7V:

13 single cells connected in series (13 * 3.7V = 48.1V). Charging voltage: 13 * 4.2V = 54.6V.

14 single cells connected in series (14 * 3.7V = 51.8V). Charging voltage: 14 * 4.2V = 58.8V.

Example: Calculating with a lithium iron phosphate single cell of 3.2V:

15 single cells connected in series (15 * 3.2V = 48.0V). Charging voltage: 15 * 3.65V = 54.75V.

16 single cells connected in series (16 * 3.2V = 51.2V). Charging voltage: 16 * 3.65V = 58.4V.

In a normal temperature environment, charge at a constant current of 0.5C to 4.2V (lithium iron phosphate is charged to 3.65V), and then switch to constant voltage charging.

IV. How to calculate the number of parallel connections?

Taking a 20Ah lithium battery pack as an example.

The rated capacity of a single cell is 2500mAh. 20Ah / 2.5Ah = 8 parallel connections.

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