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With the promotion of energy conservation and environmental protection in society, more and more environmentally friendly products are being applied to the market. In the battery industry, ternary lithium batteries quickly occupied the market with numerous advantages and gradually replaced traditional lead-acid batteries. For traditional batteries, ternary lithium batteries have advantages such as long lifespan, energy-saving, environmentally friendly, pollution-free, low maintenance costs, complete charging and discharging, and light weight. In general, ternary lithium batteries have a long lifespan. To what extent?

Ternary lithium battery

What is a ternary lithium battery?

In nature, lithium is a lightweight metal with a small atomic mass of 6.94 g/mol and a p-value of 0.53 g/cm3. Lithium is chemically active and easily loses electrons and is oxidized to Li+, resulting in a negative standard electrode potential of -3.045V and a small electrochemical equivalent of 0.26 g/Ah. These characteristics of lithium determine that it is a material with a high specific energy. A ternary lithium battery refers to a lithium secondary battery that uses nickel cobalt manganese transition metal oxides as positive electrode materials. It fully integrates the excellent cycling performance of lithium cobalt oxide, the high specific capacity of lithium nickel oxide, and the high safety and low cost of lithium manganese oxide. It uses molecular level mixing, doping, coating, and surface modification methods to synthesize nickel cobalt manganese and other multi-element synergistic composite lithium embedded oxides. It is currently a widely researched and applied lithium-ion rechargeable battery.

The lifespan of ternary lithium batteries

The so-called lifespan of a lithium battery refers to the fact that after a period of use, the capacity of the battery decays to 70% of its nominal capacity (at room temperature of 25 ℃, standard atmospheric pressure, and discharged at 0.2C), which is considered the end of its lifespan. The industry generally calculates the cycle life of lithium batteries based on the number of cycles they are fully charged and discharged. During use, irreversible electrochemical reactions occur inside lithium batteries, leading to a decrease in capacity, such as electrolyte decomposition, deactivation of active materials, and collapse of positive and negative electrode structures, resulting in a reduction in the number of lithium ion insertions and deintercalations. Experiments have shown that higher discharge rates lead to faster capacity decay. If the discharge current is low, the battery voltage will approach the equilibrium voltage and release more energy.

The theoretical lifespan of ternary lithium batteries is about 800 cycles, which is considered moderate among commercial rechargeable lithium batteries. Lithium iron phosphate has about 2000 cycles, while lithium titanate is said to achieve 10000 cycles. At present, mainstream battery manufacturers promise in their specifications for ternary battery cells that they will be charged and discharged more than 500 times under standard conditions. However, after the battery cells are assembled into a battery pack, due to consistency issues, the voltage and internal resistance cannot be exactly the same, and their cycle life is about 400 times. The manufacturer recommends a SOC usage window of 10%~90% and does not recommend deep charging and discharging, as it may cause irreversible damage to the positive and negative electrode structures of the battery. If calculated based on shallow charging and discharging, the cycle life is at least 1000 times. In addition, if lithium batteries are frequently discharged in high rate and high temperature environments, the battery life will significantly decrease to less than 200 cycles.

The number of life cycles of lithium batteries is determined based on battery quality and materials:

1. The number of cycles for ternary materials is about 800 times.

2. The lithium iron phosphate battery has approximately 2500 cycles.

3. There is a difference in the number of cycles between genuine batteries and defective batteries. Genuine batteries are designed and produced according to the battery manufacturer's specifications, while defective batteries may sometimes have less than 50 cycles.

The current 3.7V 18650 generally has a cycle life of about 500-1000 times, and the 3.2V 18650 generally has a life of over 2000 times. Of course, the prerequisite is qualified batteries produced by legitimate manufacturers. If it is a defective or counterfeit battery, the life will be very short.

The so-called lifespan of a lithium battery refers to the fact that after a period of use, the capacity of the battery decays to 70% of its nominal capacity (at room temperature of 25 ℃, standard atmospheric pressure, and discharged at 0.2C), which is considered the end of its lifespan. The industry generally calculates the cycle life of lithium batteries based on the number of cycles they are fully charged and discharged. During use, irreversible electrochemical reactions occur inside lithium batteries, leading to a decrease in capacity, such as electrolyte decomposition, deactivation of active materials, and collapse of positive and negative electrode structures, resulting in a reduction in the number of lithium ion insertions and deintercalations. Experiments have shown that higher discharge rates lead to faster capacity decay. If the discharge current is low, the battery voltage will approach the equilibrium voltage and release more energy.

The theoretical lifespan of ternary lithium batteries is about 800 cycles, which is considered moderate among commercial rechargeable lithium batteries. Lithium iron phosphate has about 2000 cycles, while lithium titanate is said to achieve 10000 cycles. At present, mainstream battery manufacturers promise in their specifications for ternary battery cells that they will be charged and discharged more than 500 times under standard conditions. However, after the battery cells are assembled into a battery pack, due to consistency issues, the voltage and internal resistance cannot be exactly the same, and their cycle life is about 400 times. The manufacturer recommends a SOC usage window of 10%~90% and does not recommend deep charging and discharging, as it may cause irreversible damage to the positive and negative electrode structures of the battery. If calculated based on shallow charging and discharging, the cycle life is at least 1000 times. In addition, if lithium batteries are frequently discharged in high rate and high temperature environments, the battery life will significantly decrease to less than 200 cycles.

Dongguan Juda Electronics Co., Ltd. has been manufacturing battery packs, ternary lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, lithium iron manganese oxide batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and more for a long time. The product has a wide range of applications and high quality. JuDa Lithium Battery is a top ranked battery brand in China.

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