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What is the difference between lithium battery and lead-acid battery chargers? Can lithium battery and lead-acid battery chargers be shared? The difference between lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries lies in the materials used, discharge principles, and performance. Lithium batteries have larger storage capacity or longer lifespan. Lithium batteries do not have universal battery chargers like lead-acid batteries. Generally speaking, lithium batteries are equipped with a dedicated charger when they leave the factory. To protect the lithium battery, a dedicated charger is required.

What is the difference between lithium battery and lead-acid battery chargers?

The charging control methods for lead-acid batteries and lithium battery chargers are different. The voltage levels of lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries are not compatible. There are also many types of lithium batteries, and their performance and protection board parameters may vary.

Lithium battery:

Lithium battery charging control is to first charge according to a constant current, and then when the battery voltage rises to 4.2V, the voltage no longer rises. The charger detects the current and ends charging if the current is less than a certain value. Lithium batteries are sensitive to overcharging, so the protection circuit is complex. The maximum charging rated voltage for a single battery with a nominal voltage of 3.6V is 4.2V, with an allowable error limit of no more than 1%.

Lead acid battery:

The ideal charging current for lead-acid batteries is pulse charging. Pulse charging is best achieved by directly rectifying the 50-60Hz mains power supply without filtering the pulsating DC charging (this is based on the practice of simple circuit and low cost). Due to the high self discharge rate of lead-acid batteries, constant voltage charging is generally used when using power frequency charging (which will also limit the current).

Can chargers for lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries be used interchangeably?

The answer is no. If the voltage is the same, lithium batteries can be charged with lead-acid batteries, but lead-acid batteries cannot be charged with lithium batteries because lithium batteries have higher safety requirements.

Lithium ion batteries are primary batteries that use lithium metal or lithium alloy as negative electrode materials and non-aqueous electrolyte solutions, which are different from rechargeable batteries such as lithium-ion batteries and lithium-ion polymer batteries. The inventor of lithium batteries was Edison. Due to the highly reactive chemical properties of lithium metal, its processing, storage, and use require very high environmental standards. So, lithium batteries have not been applied for a long time. With the development of microelectronics technology at the end of the 20th century, the number of miniaturized devices has been increasing, which has put forward high requirements for power supply. Lithium batteries have entered a large-scale practical stage.

Lead acid batteries (VRLA) are batteries whose electrodes are mainly made of lead and its oxides, and whose electrolyte is sulfuric acid solution. In the discharge state of lead-acid batteries, the main component of the positive electrode is lead dioxide, and the main component of the negative electrode is lead; In the charging state, the main component of both positive and negative electrodes is lead sulfate.

The nominal voltage of a single-cell lead-acid battery is 2.0V, which can discharge to 1.5V and charge to 2.4V; In applications, six single-cell lead-acid batteries are often connected in series to form a lead-acid battery with a nominal voltage of 12V, as well as 24V, 36V, 48V, and so on.

Precautions for charging lithium batteries:

1. To extend the lifespan of lithium batteries, it is necessary to regularly charge and discharge them. To develop the habit of charging electric bicycles after using 80% of their electricity, one should not wait until the battery is depleted before charging. In addition, lithium batteries should not be stored for a long time.

2. When charging the electric vehicle battery, the power switch lock must be turned off and the battery cannot be inverted. When charging, it should be fully charged at once and should not be charged multiple times.

3. Electrical appliances should not be stored in a depleted state, so batteries should be fully charged once a month when not in use.

4. Lithium batteries require the use of a matching charger during charging. Due to differences in battery raw materials and production processes, the technical requirements for the charger are also different. Therefore, only using a dedicated charger for charging can prolong the lifespan of lithium batteries and prevent safety hazards.

5. When the lithium battery runs out of power, the power should be turned off while riding, and the rebound voltage should not be used to prevent serious battery depletion, in order to extend the battery's service life.

The advantages and disadvantages of lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries are as follows:

① Cycle life: 1200-2000 cycles for lithium batteries and 500-900 cycles for lead-acid batteries.

② Specific energy, lithium-ion battery 150W · h/kg, lead-acid battery 40W · h/kg.

③ Volume: The volume of a lithium battery is 2/3 of that of a lead-acid battery.

④ Weight: Lithium batteries are lightweight, only 1/3 to 1/4 of lead-acid batteries.

⑤ The price is higher for lithium batteries, with 24V/10Ah priced at 750-1200 yuan, and lower for lead-acid batteries, with 24V/12Ah priced at 200-300 yuan.

⑥ Charging and maintenance, lithium-ion batteries have high and complex maintenance costs, while lead-acid batteries have low maintenance costs and provide simple open circuits.

In daily life, we don't have a lot of knowledge about batteries. Through the analysis above, we can know that the chargers for lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries are not interchangeable. When it comes to charging batteries, we must choose a dedicated charger to charge the corresponding battery to avoid mixing and potential safety hazards or accidents.

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