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Recently, a research team from Tohoku University in Japan has developed a new material that can be used to manufacture supercapacitors with higher operating voltages and is more stable than other materials.

background

Nowadays, energy conservation and environmental protection are receiving increasing attention. As a new type of energy storage component, supercapacitors have attracted widespread attention.

Supercapacitors, also known as electrochemical capacitors, double-layer capacitors, gold capacitors, and Farad capacitors, are electrochemical components developed in the 1970s and 1980s for energy storage through polarized electrolytes. It is a component that is between a regular capacitor and a battery. Due to the absence of chemical reactions during energy storage, this capacitor can be charged and discharged up to hundreds of thousands of times.

Supercapacitors have a positive electrode and a negative electrode, with a separator between the two electrodes. The electrolyte is filled between the positive and negative electrodes and the separator. The porous electrode has a larger surface area to adsorb the charge of the electrolyte, so the capacity can reach a large level.

Supercapacitors have advantages such as low cost, low temperature resistance, high power density, fast charging speed, long service life, and environmental friendliness. Therefore, supercapacitors can be applied in a range of fields, such as automobiles, wearable devices, healthcare, backup power sources, mechanical devices, smart meters, etc.

However, in application scenarios with high energy density requirements and long working cycles, supercapacitors may have some shortcomings. Firstly, the energy density is low. The energy density of supercapacitors is about 20% of that of most batteries, which means that for storing the same amount of electricity, the volume of supercapacitors is much larger than that of batteries; Secondly, the voltage resistance is low. Currently, the voltage resistance of supercapacitors is much lower than that of ordinary capacitors, with a voltage of about 1 volt to 3 volts, which is not conducive to driving high-power equipment.

For a long time, scientists have been searching for high-performance materials for supercapacitors that can meet the needs of energy intensive applications such as automobiles. Finding materials that can operate under both high voltage and harsh environments is very challenging, "said Hirotomo Nishihara, a materials scientist at Tohoku University in Japan and one of the co authors of the related paper

innovate

Recently, a research team from Tohoku University in Japan has developed a new material that can be used to manufacture supercapacitors with higher operating voltages and is more stable than other materials. Their research was recently published in the journal Energy and Environmental Science.

Nishihara and his colleagues have collaborated with TOCCapacitorCo. to develop a new material that exhibits ultra-high stability under high temperature and high voltage conditions.

technology

Traditionally, the electrodes of supercapacitors are made of activated carbon, but the low voltage in the basic building blocks of capacitors limits their application. This means that a large number of units must be stacked together to achieve the required voltage. The key is that the new material has a higher unit voltage, which can reduce the number of stacks and make the equipment more compact.

The new material is composed of a continuous graphene mesoporous sponge (carbon based material containing nanopores) three-dimensional framework. The key feature of this material is seamless: it contains a very small amount of carbon edges (where corrosion reactions occur), which makes it very stable.

Researchers studied the physical properties of their new material through electron microscopy and a series of physical tests, including X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy techniques. They also tested commercial graphene based materials, including single-walled carbon nanotubes, reduced graphene oxide, and three-dimensional graphene, using activated carbon as a benchmark for comparison.

They demonstrated that this material exhibits excellent stability under the conditions of "60 ° C high temperature and 3.5 volts high voltage" and "25 ° C and 4.4 volts" in traditional organic electrolytes. Furthermore, it has an energy density 2.7 times higher than traditional activated carbon materials under a voltage of 4.4 volts. Nishihara stated, "This sets a world record for voltage stability of carbon materials in symmetric supercapacitors

This new material paves the way for the development of highly durable and high-voltage supercapacitors, which will be applied in many fields including motor vehicles.

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