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The knowledge of lithium battery discharge cut-off voltage makes it easy for beginners to learn. In the battery market, lithium batteries have rapidly occupied the market with their advantages of safety, light weight, low maintenance cost, no memory effect, complete charging and discharging, energy conservation and environmental protection, and are gradually replacing traditional lead-acid batteries. Yesterday, a user asked the editor, what is the discharge termination voltage of lithium batteries? Please refer to the following analysis.

What is termination voltage?

The termination voltage refers to the minimum operating voltage value at which the voltage drops to the point where the battery is no longer suitable for further discharge during battery discharge. Different battery types and discharge conditions result in varying termination voltages. The load voltage of the battery at the discharge termination specified by the manufacturer. According to different battery types and discharge conditions, the requirements for battery capacity and lifespan are also different, so the specified termination voltage for battery discharge is also different.

Lithium battery discharge cut-off voltage

The discharge termination voltage of a lithium battery refers to the point where the battery should not be discharged again after reaching a certain voltage. Otherwise, it may cause irreversible loss of some of the battery's power, and in severe cases, it may completely damage the battery. The nominal voltage of a single lithium battery is generally designed to be 3.7V, with a termination voltage of 2.75V. The voltage at which a lithium battery is fully charged is referred to as the "termination charging voltage" in the industry. According to battery industry standards, this voltage is approximately 1.2 times the rated voltage value. The termination charging voltage for a 3.6V mobile phone battery is 4.2-4.3V.

The discharge termination voltage of iron lithium batteries is basically around 3.3, and the discharge protection voltage setting of the internal protection board of lithium batteries is basically 2.5V. How much is the appropriate discharge termination voltage for this lithium battery? According to the termination voltage of 2.5 on the protection board, it will not affect the capacity performance of the lithium battery and will not damage it.

However, at present, the price of lithium batteries in the market is relatively chaotic, with prices ranging from high to low, so everyone should pay attention when choosing products. A friend asked, what is the cut-off voltage of lithium batteries. As for the cut-off voltage of lithium batteries, it depends on the specific capacity, and the cut-off voltage price of lithium batteries varies with different specifications and parameters.

Working principle of discharge termination voltage for lithium batteries

The discharge termination voltage of lithium batteries is an important application parameter related to the service life of lithium batteries. The nominal voltage of a single lithium battery is generally designed to be 3.7V, with a termination voltage of 2.75V. There are two situations that require manufacturers to raise the upper limit of the termination voltage to 3.0V. One is the electrochemical properties determined by the lithium battery material, which is often considered from the perspective of safer use of the battery; The second is related to specific electrical products and electrical environments. Of course, there are also situations where the termination voltage can be designed to be lower, such as 2.5V and 2.4V, but there are no ones lower than 2.4V.

If the working temperature during discharge is within the range of -20~60 ℃, a lithium battery with a termination voltage of 2.75V can actually continue to discharge, but it must not be lower than 2.5V. As mentioned earlier, the loss between 2.75V~2.5V may be partial, while below 2.5V, it will cause the most serious damage and render the battery unusable.

Lithium battery packs also have a termination voltage, which is sometimes referred to as "core lithium batteries". The discharge termination voltage of "core lithium batteries" should not be less than 2.75 × n (n is the number of batteries in series). Taking the most commonly used 6-cell lithium battery in laptops as an example, this 6-cell lithium battery often uses a combination of 3 series and 2 parallel. Therefore, the discharge cutoff voltage of this lithium battery is 2.75V × 3=8.25V, and in practice, it cannot be lower than 2.5V × 3=7.5V.

What is the discharge termination voltage of a single lithium battery?

A single lithium battery, with a nominal voltage of 3.6 or 3.7V, has a higher voltage than this in most cases. When fully charged, it reaches 4.2V and does not decrease even after being placed. The normal discharge voltage is 4.1~3.6V. If it is lower than 3.6V, sometimes appliances (such as digital cameras) will display that the battery is low. When it reaches 3.1-3.2V, it will automatically shut down. Although some lithium battery manuals state a discharge voltage of 2.75V, that generally refers to high current applications.

Although the operating voltage of the internal discharge protection circuit of many lithium batteries is 2. 5V, that's an extreme situation, below 2.5V can cause significant and permanent damage. In fact, if a single voltage is below 3.3V, the discharge curve drops rapidly and has no practical value. Therefore, it is recommended to set the discharge termination voltage to 3.2V. If discharging with a high current (around 0.5C), the termination voltage can be lower.

What should I do if the voltage of a lithium battery is zero volts?

Usually, if the voltage of a lithium battery without a protective plate is 0, there are two possibilities.

Due to a short circuit, the protective lugs inside the lithium battery are blown. This type of battery is structurally damaged and cannot be repaired. Therefore, it can be discarded directly.

Lithium batteries, due to prolonged storage time, slowly self discharge and deplete their capacity. There is a possibility of repair for these batteries. You can charge them according to the requirements stated in the article or use a specialized lithium battery charger that meets the requirements. If the voltage is below 3V, you need to perform a pre charge with a charging current of 1/10 of the set current. After the voltage rises to 3V, you can enter the standard charging process. If there is an electric current generated, theoretically speaking, the battery still has vitality. If there is no response, it can basically be sentenced to death.

Single lithium battery with protective plate

When the voltage of a single lithium battery with a protective board is zero, the possibility of damage to the protective board needs to be considered. The method to eliminate damage to the protective board is relatively simple, and can generally be tested and judged with a multimeter. If the lithium battery still has no voltage after excluding the problem with the protective board, you can refer to the "Single Battery without Protective Board" repair method above for repair.

The above is the knowledge of the discharge cut-off voltage for lithium batteries. Generally, 3.7V lithium batteries require a "protection board" for overcharging and overdischarging. If the battery does not have a protection board, only about 4.2V charging voltage can be used, because the ideal full charge voltage for lithium batteries is 4.2V. If the voltage exceeds 4.2V, it may damage the battery or even pose a risk of explosion. Charging with this method requires constant monitoring of the battery's condition.

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