-Explain the importance of fast charging technology for lithium batteries

Explain the importance of fast charging technology for lithium batteries
author:enerbyte source:本站 click80 Release date: 2024-08-05 08:44:19
abstract:
Explain the importance of fast charging technology for lithium-ion batteriesLithium ion batteries are divided into two types of materials: positive and negative electrodes. We often discuss lithium iron phosphate and ternary materials, which are actually the positive electrodes of lithium-ion batter...

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Explain the importance of fast charging technology for lithium-ion batteries

Lithium ion batteries are divided into two types of materials: positive and negative electrodes. We often discuss lithium iron phosphate and ternary materials, which are actually the positive electrodes of lithium-ion batteries. There are countless laboratories around the world trying to develop lithium-ion batteries with better functionality. In fact, we just want to find materials with better functionality, larger capacity, longer lifespan, and better charging and discharging capabilities, or to work on the negative electrode. The negative electrode material of lithium-ion batteries is graphite, but in recent years, a new negative electrode material, lithium titanate, has emerged.

When a lithium-ion battery is discharged, lithium ions travel from the negative electrode material to the positive electrode, and this process actually ends briefly, which means that the discharge power of lithium-ion batteries can be very high.

But traditionally, the charging is not very short. Charging runs from the positive electrode material to the cathode material, and the process is relatively different from testing the anode material. Because lithium ions quickly enter the anode material, tonight the problem of formation damage to the structure of the anode material will be addressed. Generally speaking, the fast charging performance of lithium-ion batteries is not sufficient.

But many dreams of fast charging characteristics are just that supercapacitors in the past could display fast charging, so defeating lithium-ion batteries cannot achieve fast charging characteristics. Let's take a materials perspective, especially find ways to promote the charging function of cathode materials based on materials or chemical operations.

The commercial dilemma of electric buses

Why emphasize fast charging? I want to start with the application of electric vehicles. Firstly, new energy vehicles are being promoted in China, and the simplest promotion in government shopping malls is electric buses. Pure buses have been in use in many cities for about six or seven years, from the pre Olympic period to the World Expo. Please take a look at a brief set of data. This PPT describes the challenges faced by electric buses in commercial applications.

A 12 meter pure electric bus typically runs 250 kilometers per day. Of course, when running back and forth between points A and B, the typical electricity consumption is 0.8 kilowatt hours per kilometer. Assuming that the car runs on about 200 kilowatt hours of electricity every day, the electricity may not be much. However, when preparing a battery, two factors need to be considered. The first is the time interval between battery charging and discharging, and the decline in battery life. Therefore, it should be equipped with 312 kilowatt hours of electricity, plus the energy consumption of summer air conditioning. Therefore, the battery must be 500 kilowatt hours to run a 12 meter public car a day.

In practice, for the current energy density level of lithium-ion batteries, assuming the installation of lithium iron phosphate, a battery with a capacity of about 500 kWh may weigh up to 6 tons, and the current cost is at least over 1 million. Such batteries are not installed in a 12 meter volume and weight, so we cannot use this method.

The common practice is to use almost half of the electricity or three hundred kilowatt hours of electricity, which causes the car to be unable to complete all day operations. Generally, in the afternoon, the coach will return to the charging station for a quick repair of the electricity, which usually takes an hour to an hour and a half to replenish a portion of the power, and then complete the operation for the second half of the year. However, this impact reduces the operational efficiency of the bus company as it cannot operate for two hours during the day.

The next question is, can we use batteries with higher energy density to accomplish this task? The highest commercial center with battery energy density now is the Tesla 18650 Panasonic battery, which has an energy density of 230 watts per kilogram. Assuming it really uses all the electricity at 500 degrees and weighs about 3.5 tons, it can run all day long, and the bus can basically be saved. However, the problem with using the battery on the top of the bus is its status. After reassembling, the cycle life may only be 500 times, so we measure it on the bus and use it for charging, which can only last for about two to three years per day.

Therefore, we have seen many engineering and cost issues attempting to use energy based batteries on buses to meet the needs of all-weather operation, either because they are too heavy, too expensive, or because they have not been used for long enough.


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