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Working principle of dry batteries
The main working principle of dry batteries is to achieve redox reactions in a closed circuit! Similar to a primary battery, it converts chemical energy into electrical energy. A common dry battery is a zinc manganese battery, with a positive carbon rod in the middle, wrapped in a mixture of graphite and manganese dioxide, and then covered with a layer of fiber mesh. There is a thick electrolyte paste coated online, consisting of ammonium chloride solution and starch, as well as a small amount of preservative. The outermost layer is a cylinder made of metal zinc skin, which is the negative electrode. The electrode principle of alkaline zinc manganese dry battery is as follows:
The electrode reaction formula of alkaline zinc manganese dry battery is: Zn+2MnO2+2NH4Cl=ZnCl2++Mn2O3+2NH3+H2O. The cylinder made of metal zinc skin, also known as the negative electrode, is used for battery discharge. The discharge is the electrolysis reaction between ammonia chloride and zinc, and the released charge is transmitted to the positive electrode carbon rod through graphite. The electrolysis reaction of zinc releases hydrogen gas, which increases the internal resistance of the battery. Manganese dioxide mixed with graphite is used to absorb hydrogen gas.
The difference between lithium batteries and dry batteries
Dry batteries also become photovoltaic cells, which are formed by multiple sets of circular plates appearing in pairs and stacked in a certain order. There are two different types of metal plates on the circular plates, with a layer of cloth between the layers, which plays a conductive role. Therefore, its electrolyte is paste like, and this type of disposable battery cannot be recharged after being discharged. The electromotive force of zinc manganese dry batteries is 1.5V, and if charging a mobile phone, at least multiple dry batteries are needed.
1. Dry batteries belong to disposable batteries, while lithium batteries belong to rechargeable batteries, which can be charged multiple times and have no memory. They do not need to be charged according to the amount of electricity and can be used as needed;
2. Dry batteries are highly polluting. Previously, many batteries contained heavy metals such as mercury and lead, which caused serious environmental pollution. As disposable batteries, they were quickly discarded after use, but lithium batteries do not contain harmful metals;
3. Lithium batteries also have a fast charging function and a long cycle life, which is beyond the reach of dry batteries. Moreover, many lithium batteries now have protective circuits inside;
4. Lithium batteries can be recharged and used repeatedly. For example, batteries in mobile phones and cameras are all lithium batteries, while dry batteries cannot be charged. As long as the battery runs out of electricity, it cannot be used again. For example, the fifth and seventh batteries sold in stores belong to dry batteries.
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