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Which is better, lithium iron phosphate battery or ternary lithium battery? What is the main difference between lithium iron phosphate batteries and ternary batteries? There are two common materials in the lithium battery market now, ternary materials and lithium iron phosphate. How do we make a choice? In my opinion, ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries each have their own advantages, and technology is not good or bad, only suitable or unsuitable. Choosing the lithium battery that suits oneself is the best option.

Which is better, lithium iron phosphate battery or ternary lithium battery?

Lithium iron phosphate batteries:

The so-called lithium iron phosphate battery refers to a lithium-ion battery that uses lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode material. The characteristic of this type of battery is that it does not contain precious metal elements (such as cobalt). In practical use, lithium iron phosphate batteries have the advantages of high temperature resistance, strong safety and stability, low cost, and better cycling performance. The raw material prices are low and the resources of phosphorus and iron are abundant on Earth, so there will be no supply issues.

Advantages of lithium iron phosphate batteries:

1. Use Safety

The P-O bonds in the crystals of lithium iron phosphate batteries are stable and difficult to decompose. Even at high temperatures or overcharging, they do not collapse, heat up, or form strong oxidizing substances like lithium cobalt oxide, so they have good safety. Lithium iron phosphate batteries have undergone strict safety testing and will not explode even in the event of collision or puncture.

2. Improvement of lifespan

Lithium iron phosphate power battery, with a cycle life of over 2000 times, can be charged at a standard rate of 5 hours and used up to 2000 times. A lead-acid battery of the same quality can last for only 1-1.5 years at most, while a lithium iron phosphate battery can have a theoretical lifespan of 7-8 years when used under the same conditions.

3. Good high-temperature performance

The thermal peak of lithium iron phosphate batteries can reach 350 ℃ -500 ℃, while lithium manganese oxide and lithium cobalt oxide are only around 200 ℃. The working temperature range is wide (-20C-75C), and it has high temperature resistance characteristics.

4. Large capacity

When a battery operates under conditions where it is often fully charged but not fully discharged, its capacity quickly drops below the rated capacity value, a phenomenon known as the memory effect. Nickel hydrogen and nickel cadmium batteries have memory, while lithium iron phosphate batteries do not have this phenomenon. Regardless of the state of the battery, it can be charged and used at any time without the need to discharge it before charging.

6. Lightweight

The volume of lithium iron phosphate batteries with the same specifications and capacity is two-thirds of the volume of lead-acid batteries, and the weight is one-third of lead-acid batteries.

7. Environmental protection

Lithium iron phosphate batteries are pollution-free and comply with European RoHS regulations, making them an absolute green and environmentally friendly battery certificate.

8. Fast charging

It can charge and discharge quickly with a high current of 2C, and can be fully charged within 40 minutes with a dedicated charger at 1.5C. The starting current can reach 2C

Disadvantages of lithium iron phosphate batteries:

1. The compacted density of the positive electrode of lithium iron phosphate batteries is small, generally around 0.8 to 1.3. Large volume.

2. Poor conductivity, slow diffusion rate of lithium ions, and low actual specific capacity during high magnification charging and discharging.

3. The low-temperature performance of lithium iron phosphate batteries is poor.

4. The lifespan of a single lithium iron phosphate battery is long, around 2000 cycles, but the lifespan of a lithium iron phosphate battery pack is short, generally around 500 cycles.

Ternary lithium batteries:

The positive electrode material of a lithium battery uses lithium cobalt manganese oxide (Li (NiCoMn) O2) ternary positive electrode material and graphite as the negative electrode material. Unlike lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium batteries have a high voltage platform, which means that at the same volume or weight, ternary lithium batteries have a higher specific energy and specific power. In addition, ternary lithium batteries also have significant advantages in high rate charging and low temperature resistance.

Advantages of ternary lithium batteries:

1. The voltage platform is high. The higher the voltage platform and the larger the specific capacity, the longer the range of ternary lithium batteries with the same volume, weight, and even the same ampere hour. The voltage platform of ternary materials is significantly higher than that of lithium iron phosphate, with high voltage lines reaching 4.2 volts and discharge platforms reaching 3.6 or 3.7 volts.

2. High energy density

3. High vibration density

Disadvantages of ternary lithium batteries:

1. Poor safety

2. Poor high temperature resistance

3. Poor lifespan

4. High power discharge difference

5. Elements are toxic, and the temperature of ternary lithium batteries increases sharply after high-power charging and discharging. After high temperature, oxygen is released and it is extremely easy to burn.

Application scope of lithium iron phosphate batteries:

Data center, computer room system, communication base station, emergency power supply, vehicle startup, number of modified vehicles, industrial equipment, medical equipment, energy storage field, and so on. The field of lithium battery energy storage will be the largest application market for lithium batteries.

Ternary lithium batteries are more suitable for passenger cars

China has a vast territory and a complex climate, with rich temperature changes ranging from the northernmost three northeastern provinces to the southernmost Hainan islands. Taking Beijing as an example, as the main market for electric vehicles, the highest temperature in summer in Beijing is around 40 ℃, while in winter it remains around minus 16 ℃, or even lower. This temperature range is obviously suitable for ternary lithium batteries with better low-temperature performance. However, lithium iron phosphate batteries that focus on high temperature resistance may appear somewhat weak in winter in Beijing.

Which is better, lithium iron phosphate battery or ternary lithium battery?

For a long time in the future, the two technological routes of ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries will be parallel, and the high-end passenger car market that pursues quality and performance will use ternary batteries. The energy storage market is also on the eve of the outbreak, and the demand for lithium iron phosphate in the main battlefield is still strong. When it comes to batteries alone, there is no such thing as who is better or worse. Being suitable for oneself is the most important thing.

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