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Battery energy: refers to the electrical energy output from external work under certain discharge conditions;

Specific energy: The energy provided by a battery per unit weight or volume, called weight specific energy or volume specific energy

The weight specific energy and volume specific energy of lithium iron phosphate are:

Battery for pure electric vehicles: approximately 110Wh/kg; 210Wh/L

Battery for hybrid electric vehicles: approximately 65Wh/kg; 120Wh/L

A battery pack usually refers to the part of the battery cell with a protective plate, while a battery pack usually refers to the part of the battery pack with an outer shell.

The specific energy of the battery pack is similar to the specific energy of the battery cells

The specific energy of a battery pack is related to the weight and volume of the casing and other accessories.

Specific energy refers to the energy per unit weight or unit volume, and the specific energy of a battery is the amount of electrical energy released per unit mass of electrode material participating in electrode reactions.

What is the specific energy of a power battery? How to calculate the specific energy density of a power battery

The specific energy of a battery refers to the electrical energy that can be output per unit mass or unit volume, in units of W · h/kg or W · h/L.

There is a distinction between theoretical specific energy and actual specific energy. Theoretical specific energy refers to the energy that a 1kg battery can theoretically output when the reactants are completely discharged. The actual specific energy is the actual energy that a 1kg battery reactant can output.

Usually, specific energy is used to compare different battery series. The specific energy of the main batteries is shown in Table 7-12.

Table 7-12 Specific Energy of Main Battery Series

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What is the specific energy of a power battery? How to calculate the specific energy density of a power battery

Due to various factors, the actual specific energy of a battery is much smaller than the theoretical specific energy. The relationship between actual specific energy and theoretical specific energy is as follows:

W real=W rational KvKRKm

In the formula, Kv - voltage efficiency (the ratio of the working voltage of the battery to the electromotive force);

KR - reaction efficiency (indicating the utilization rate of active substances);

There are some necessary factors in Km quality efficiency batteries that do not participate in the current formation reaction

Substances should be reduced in proportion to increase the proportion of active substances

Example:. The ratio of the two is quality efficiency.

The specific energy of a battery is a comprehensive indicator that reflects the quality level of the battery and also indicates the technical and management level of the manufacturer. Usually, manufacturers do not independently evaluate this indicator, but when evaluating the level of batteries produced, it is often used as a measurement criterion.

How to calculate the specific energy density of power batteries

Battery City believes that to calculate battery energy density, it is necessary to first understand the common types of lithium batteries, which are mainly divided into two types.

The first type of lithium battery: represented by domestic new energy (ATL battery), Bangkai battery, Meibei, Bike, Sanhe Chaoyang, etc.

The material used in this type of lithium battery is generally ternary, also known as lithium cobalt oxide. Its advantages of large capacity and high energy density are prevalent in various battery cell factories. Currently, the energy density of ternary batteries is around 580Wh/L, and the working voltage of lithium cobalt oxide is generally 2.75V~4.2V. For example, domestic new energy source enterprise ATL is currently producing batteries with a 4.35V voltage system, and the energy density can also reach up to 650Wh/L.

These batteries are commonly used on smartphones, tablets, laptops, and Bluetooth earphones.

The material used in this type of lithium battery is generally ternary, also known as lithium cobalt oxide. Its advantages of large capacity and high energy density are prevalent in various battery cell factories. Currently, the energy density of ternary batteries is around 580Wh/L, and the working voltage of lithium cobalt oxide is generally 2.75V~4.2V. For example, domestic new energy source enterprise ATL is currently producing batteries with a 4.35V voltage system, and the energy density can also reach up to 650Wh/L.

These batteries are commonly used on smartphones, tablets, laptops, and Bluetooth earphones.

There is a dilemma that many domestic manufacturers use ternary materials to discharge their battery cells above 5C, such as Chaowei, Tianneng, Foster, and Dianke Power. These batteries can be used in unicycles, think bikes, and electric motorcycles, and their performance can also meet customer product requirements, and are recognized by a large number of users.

The second type of lithium iron phosphate battery: power battery enterprises represented by domestic battery factories such as BYD, Watmar, and AVIC Lithium Battery.

The material used in this type of battery is lithium iron phosphate, abbreviated as iron battery, which is mainly known for its safety and long cycle life. The working voltage of iron batteries is generally between 2.3V and 3.65V, with a cycle life of over 2000 times. Power battery companies that do well can expand the working voltage of batteries to 2.0V to 3.65V.

This type of power cell is often used in electric buses, electric cars, electric forklifts, and mobile stations.

The calculation method for the energy density of battery cells is as follows:

Energy density (Wh/liter)=Capacity&TImes; Platform voltage ÷ volume ÷ 1000 (converted units)

Platform voltage of iron batteries: 3.2V; The platform voltage of ternary lithium batteries is generally 3.7V.

Cylindrical volume=π r2&TImes; h；

Rectangular volume=length&TImes; Width&TImes; High;

Power battery materials

For batteries, it is necessary to balance high power, high energy, and energy power. The main concern for batteries is the key core raw materials, such as the positive electrode, negative electrode, separator, electrolyte, etc., as well as the cascading utilization and resource recovery of batteries after their service life ends in vehicles.

Positive electrode material: The interior is mainly composed of ternary materials, especially high nickel ternary materials.

Negative electrode materials: Currently, graphite materials are still widely used, such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, and so on.

Diaphragm: From the current and future perspective, polyolefin materials will still be the main material, and both polypropylene and polyethylene will have applications in power batteries. It is possible that such a development trend is aimed at high energy density, and polyolefin membranes are a hot research and industrialization topic.

Electrolyte: Currently, lithium hexafluorophosphate is still the main electrolyte. Some new electrolytes, such as lithium FSI and lithium TFSI, are still applied in the form of additives.

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