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The full name of ternary lithium battery is positive electrode material. It is a lithium-ion secondary battery that uses ternary polymers such as nickel cobalt manganese lithium or nickel cobalt aluminum lithium. Ternary refers to a polymer containing three metal elements: nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), or aluminum (Al), which serves as the positive electrode in ternary lithium batteries; Lithium refers to an electrolyte mainly composed of lithium hexafluorophosphate, while the negative electrode material is generally graphite.
About the naming of batteries
There are two common names:
① Name it after the most important element in the battery.
② Named after the core reaction mechanism or characteristics of the battery, such as flexible batteries that emphasize foldable characteristics
Due to the fact that the positive electrode material in lithium-ion batteries often determines their energy density, which is the most important characteristic for lithium-ion batteries, the use of positive electrode materials for naming is the most common. The commonly referred to ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries belong to this category.
What is the relationship between the three elements?
The reason why ternary lithium has been promoted is not only because the name sounds good and memorable, but also because the polymer of nickel, cobalt, manganese (or aluminum), these three metal elements, plays a huge role inside the battery. So, what role have these three metal elements played?
1. Nickel cake
Nickel is an active metal in the secondary group, mainly used to increase the volume energy density of batteries, and is the main breakthrough point for improving range. However, excessive content can cause nickel ions to occupy the lithium ion position (nickel hydrogen mixed discharge), leading to a decrease in capacity.
2. Cobalt powder
Cobalt is also an active metal in the secondary group, which can inhibit the mixing of cations, thereby improving stability and prolonging battery life. In addition, it also determines the charging and discharging speed and efficiency (rate performance) of the battery. However, excessive cobalt content can lead to a decrease in actual capacity.
3. Aluminum or manganese
The function of manganese or aluminum is to reduce material costs, as nickel and cobalt mentioned above are very expensive rare metals and can improve the safety and stability of batteries.
In the positive electrode materials of ternary lithium batteries, nickel, cobalt, manganese (or aluminum) are indispensable. One more or one less will affect its final performance or make it impossible to make a battery. However, according to our own needs, we can adjust the mixing ratio (molar ratio) of nickel, cobalt, manganese (or aluminum) in lithium batteries to make them exhibit different characteristics.
How can nickel cobalt manganese (or aluminum) be mixed to make me run further?
Nickel is the element that determines the energy density in ternary lithium batteries. To run further, increasing its content is necessary; If you want ternary lithium batteries to be cheaper, increasing the ratio of manganese or aluminum is the right approach.
According to the different mixing ratios of nickel, cobalt, manganese (or aluminum) elements in the positive electrode material, we can divide ternary lithium batteries into different systems:
A 333 system with a nickel cobalt manganese ratio of 1:1:1;
Or a high nickel 811 system with a ratio of 8:1:1.
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