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Dry batteries are relative to "wet" batteries (liquid batteries). The earliest invented "volt cell" was a type of "wet" battery that placed two metals in the same electrolyte as electrodes, such as lead-acid batteries that are still in use today. Due to the inconvenience of using and carrying liquids, people later invented "dry" batteries. The principle is the same, but the electrolyte solution is replaced by a gel paste electrolyte and sealed in a zinc barrel (the zinc barrel is used as the negative electrode, the middle copper and carbon rod are used as the positive electrode, and the gel paste electrolyte is filled between the positive and negative electrodes). This way, the electrolyte will not flow out, making it easy to use and carry, so it is called a dry battery

Dry batteries are not completely "dry", and long-term use of dry batteries often leads to night leakage, which makes them "wet" haha.

dry battery

Dry batteries belong to the primary batteries in chemical power sources and are a type of disposable battery. Because the electrolyte of this chemical power supply device is a non flowing paste, it is called a dry battery, which is relative to batteries with a flowing electrolyte. Dry batteries are not only suitable for flashlights, semiconductor radios, tape recorders, cameras, electronic clocks, toys, etc., but also for various fields in the national economy such as specialty, scientific research, telecommunications, navigation, specialty, and medicine.

2. Types

With the development of science and technology, dry batteries have become a large family, with over 100 types so far. Common types include ordinary zinc manganese dry batteries, alkaline zinc manganese dry batteries, magnesium manganese dry batteries, zinc air batteries, zinc mercury oxide batteries, zinc silver oxide batteries, lithium manganese batteries, etc.

For the most commonly used zinc manganese dry batteries, they can be further divided due to their different structures: paste type zinc manganese dry batteries, cardboard type zinc manganese dry batteries, thin film type zinc manganese dry batteries, zinc chloride zinc manganese dry batteries, alkaline zinc manganese dry batteries, four pole parallel zinc manganese dry batteries, stacked zinc manganese dry batteries, etc.

3. Structure and principle of zinc manganese dry batteries

Zinc manganese dry batteries are commonly used dry batteries in daily life.

Positive electrode material: MnO2, graphite rod

Negative electrode material: zinc sheet

Electrolytes: NH4Cl, ZnCl2, and starch paste

The battery symbol can be represented as

(-) Zn | ZnCl2, NH4Cl (paste) IIMnO2 | C (graphite) (+)

Negative electrode: Zn=Zn2++2e

Positive electrode: 2MnO2+2NH4++2e=Mn2O3+2NH3+H2O

Total reaction: Zn+2MnO2+2NH4+=2Zn2++Mn2O3+2NH3+H2O

The electromotive force of zinc manganese dry batteries is 1.5V. The NH3 gas generated is adsorbed by graphite, causing a rapid decrease in electromotive force. If high conductivity paste KOH is used instead of NH4Cl, and the positive electrode material is changed to steel cylinder, the MnO2 layer is adjacent to the steel cylinder, forming an alkaline zinc manganese dry battery. Due to the lack of gas production in the battery reaction, the internal resistance is low, and the electromotive force is 1.5V, which is relatively stable.

Dry battery belongs to the primary battery in chemical power sources, which is a disposable battery. It uses manganese dioxide as the positive electrode and zinc cylinder as the negative electrode to convert chemical energy into electrical energy for external circuits. In chemical reactions, due to the higher reactivity of zinc compared to manganese, zinc loses electrons and is oxidized, while manganese gains electrons and is reduced.

The formal name of a dry battery is "maintenance free battery". Compared with traditional wet batteries, the performance parameters are basically the same. In appearance, maintenance free batteries do not have a screw cap for adding electrolyte, and do not require water for maintenance during normal service life.

There are 6 (12V) caps on a regular rechargeable battery for adding electrolyte. During use, it is necessary to regularly check the height of the liquid inside the battery and replenish the electrolyte in a timely manner.

1、 Advantages and disadvantages of liquid filled batteries

The advantages of a liquid filled battery include strong instantaneous high current discharge capacity, strong power, and strong load-bearing capacity;

Disadvantages of liquid filled batteries: poor endurance, poor deep discharge capacity, and poor deep cycle life.

2、 Advantages and disadvantages of dry batteries

The advantages of a dry battery are that it does not require maintenance during normal use, has strong deep discharge capacity, strong endurance, and long deep cycle life;

The disadvantage of a dry battery is that it has poor instantaneous high current discharge capacity and is not suitable for high-power discharge, which poses a risk of thermal runaway.

1、 Lead acid batteries are divided into dry batteries and wet batteries.

2、 The difference between these two types of batteries is that:

1) Dry batteries belong to the primary batteries in chemical power sources and are a type of disposable battery. Because the electrolyte of this chemical power supply device is a non flowing paste, it is called a dry battery, which is relative to batteries with a flowing electrolyte. You can add battery water, but do not exceed the maximum water level, usually marked with a MAX line. Dry load lead-acid batteries (such as automotive dry load batteries, motorcycle dry load batteries, etc.) should be supplemented with distilled water after a period of use to maintain a density of about 1.28g/ml of dilute sulfuric acid electrolyte; For maintenance free batteries, distilled water is no longer required until the end of their lifespan.

2) A wet battery is a lead-acid battery, which is formed by the hydrolysis and release of liquid from flowing acid.

Generally speaking, 80% of batteries are distinguished by color: white is a water battery, and black is a dry battery; Judging by weight, light is a water battery, while heavy is a dry battery; Distinguished from appearance accessories: the screw that adds water to the battery is water, while the flat head is dry.

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