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What is the working voltage range of a lithium battery pack? The voltage of a lithium battery pack is one of the important indicators to measure the discharge performance of a lithium battery. It represents the potential difference between the positive and negative terminals of a lithium battery in a certain state, in volts (V). The market positioning and technological means of different lithium battery manufacturers vary, resulting in different discharge platforms and significant differences in quality.

Working voltage of lithium battery pack

The voltage range of a lithium battery pack is generally 3V-4.2V, and the voltage of a lithium battery pack is determined by the electrode potential. Voltage, also known as potential difference or potential difference, is a physical quantity that measures the energy difference generated by charges in an electrostatic field due to different potentials. The electrode potential of lithium ions is about 3V, and the voltage of lithium batteries varies with different materials. For example, a typical lithium battery has a rated voltage of 3.7V and a full charge voltage of 4.2V; The rated voltage of lithium iron phosphate batteries is 3.2V, and the full charge voltage is 3.65V. In other words, the potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes of practical lithium batteries cannot exceed 4.2V, which is a requirement based on material and usage safety.

For example, the platform voltage of a nominal 3.7V lithium battery is around 3.7V, and the platform voltage of a nominal 3.2V iron lithium battery is around 3.2V. The standard for lithium batteries is the same for 3.7V or 4.2V. It's just that the manufacturer's labeling is different. 3.7V refers to the platform voltage at which the battery is discharged during use, while 4.2V refers to the voltage at full charge. The common rechargeable 18650 lithium batteries have a voltage standard of 3.6 or 3.7V, and when fully charged, it is 4.2V, which has little to do with the battery level. The mainstream capacity of 18650 batteries ranges from 1800mAh to 2600mAh, and even mainstream capacities with a standard of 3500 or 4000mAh or above are available.

The nominal voltage may vary depending on the positive electrode material of the lithium battery pack. The nominal voltage of lithium cobalt oxide batteries is 3.7V; The nominal voltage of lithium manganese oxide batteries is 3.8V; The nominal voltage of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese ternary material lithium battery is only 3.5-3.6V, but with the continuous improvement of the formula and structure, the nominal voltage of the material lithium battery can reach 3.7V; The nominal voltage of lithium iron phosphate batteries is the lowest, only 3.2V.

Generally speaking, under constant voltage conditions, when the voltage is charged to 4.2V and the current is less than 0.01C, stop charging, and then let it stand for 10 minutes. At any rate of discharge current, the length of time the battery undergoes discharge to 3.7V is an important indicator of the quality of the battery. However, do not blindly pursue a high platform. Sometimes, when the platform voltage is high, the capacity decreases because the platform voltage varies under different magnification conditions. Therefore, platform issues should be considered from multiple perspectives. A truly good battery requires both high capacity and a long duration of specified voltage.

What is the voltage range of a lithium battery?

The nominal voltage of a single lithium battery is 3.7V, and the normal voltage range is 2.5V-4.25V. Generally, 3.7V lithium batteries require a "protective plate" for overcharging and discharging. If the battery does not have a protective plate, it can only be charged at a voltage of about 4.2V, because the ideal full charge voltage for lithium batteries is 4.2V. If the voltage exceeds 4.2V, it may damage the battery. Charging with this method requires constant monitoring of the battery's condition.

The charging cut-off voltage of a 3.7V battery is 4.2V, and the discharging cut-off voltage is 3.0V. So, when the open circuit voltage of the battery is below 3.6V, it should be able to charge. It is best to use the 4.2V constant voltage charging mode, so there is no need to pay attention to the charging time. Charging with 5V is prone to overcharging and poses a danger.

The charging control of lithium batteries is divided into two stages. The first stage is constant current charging. When the battery voltage is below 4.2V, the charger will charge at a constant current. The second stage is the constant voltage charging stage. When the battery voltage reaches 4.2V, due to the characteristics of lithium batteries, if the voltage is too high, it will be damaged. The charger will fix the voltage at 4.2V, and the charging current will gradually decrease. When the current decreases to a certain value (usually 1/10 of the set current), the charging circuit will be cut off, and the charging completion indicator light will light up, indicating that the charging is completed.

According to the charging characteristics of mobile phone lithium batteries, it is best to use a constant current/constant voltage linear charging mode for charging. Small current pre charging, when the battery voltage is ≥ 3v, switches to constant voltage charging when the constant current is charged to 4.2v. When the current is less than the minimum current set by the charger, slow trickle charging is used to ensure battery saturation and effectively protect the battery from overcharging, which can prolong the service life of mobile phone lithium batteries.

According to the structural characteristics of lithium batteries, the maximum charging termination voltage should be 4.2V and should not be overcharged, otherwise the battery will be scrapped due to the removal of too many lithium ions from the positive electrode. Its charging and discharging requirements are high, and dedicated constant current and constant voltage chargers can be used for charging. Usually, constant current charging is switched to constant voltage charging after reaching 4.2V/kWh. When the constant voltage charging current drops to within 100mA, charging should be stopped.

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