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Lithium ion batteries have a useful characteristic for measuring electricity, which is that during discharge, the battery voltage gradually decreases with the passage of electricity, and there is a considerable slope. This provides us with another approximate way of measuring electricity. The method of taking the battery voltage. Just like measuring the height of the water surface inside a water tank can roughly estimate the remaining water volume. However, in reality, the voltage of a lithium battery is much more complex than measuring the height of a calm water surface in a water tank. There are several instabilities in using voltage to estimate the remaining capacity of a battery: for the same battery, under the same remaining capacity, the voltage value varies due to the magnitude of the discharge current. The larger the discharge current, the lower the voltage. In the absence of current, the voltage is highest; The impact of environmental temperature on battery voltage, the lower the temperature, the lower the voltage of a battery of the same capacity; The impact of cycling on the discharge platform of lithium-ion batteries tends to deteriorate as cycling progresses. The discharge platform is lowered. So the capacity represented by the same voltage also changes accordingly; The discharge platform of lithium-ion batteries varies slightly among different manufacturers and capacities.

The discharge platform of lithium-ion batteries with different types of electrode materials varies greatly. The discharge platforms of cobalt lithium batteries and manganese lithium batteries are completely different. All of these can cause voltage fluctuations and voltage differences, making the battery capacity display unstable. When measuring battery capacity with voltage on a mobile phone, it is impossible to keep the phone in a low current standby state. The temporary loss of high current, such as turning on backlight, playing ringtones, and especially passing through, can cause the battery voltage to quickly decrease. At this point, the displayed capacity of the phone will decrease more than the actual capacity. After the high current is removed, the voltage of the battery will rise. This will lead to an unreasonable phenomenon where the display of phone capacity actually increases.

The voltage of the battery keeps decreasing during the discharge process. For example, the capacity of a 3.6V, 19Ah, and 19Ah battery is not set to 0V, but at 2 or 3 times, the discharge capacity is 19Ah. If it is set to 0V, the capacity will be slightly more than 19Ah. Overdischarge will damage the battery's lifespan.

If the design is excellent, the cut-off voltage of the instrument is basically the same as the voltage of the battery. When the voltage reaches a certain value, such as 3V, the battery is discharged or almost discharged, and the instrument reaches its lowest working voltage. If the lowest working voltage of the instrument is relatively high, such as below 3.6V, it cannot work, then there is a situation where the battery is still charged and the instrument cannot work. In this case, the external power supply voltage should be increased

The different materials and shapes of batteries to be calculated are different! Example lithium cobalt oxide

Charging voltage 3.7V3.8V3.85V3.9V3.95V

Charged capacity 7.8% 28.0% 53.0% 59.1% 67.6%

Generally speaking, the higher the charging and discharging voltage of a lithium battery, the larger its capacity. The charging and discharging voltage of lithium batteries with different materials varies. The lowest is lithium iron phosphate

1. The voltage value of the same battery varies with the magnitude of the discharge current under the same remaining capacity.

The larger the discharge current, the lower the voltage. In the absence of current, the voltage is highest.

2. The impact of environmental temperature on battery voltage, the lower the temperature, the lower the voltage of a battery of the same capacity.

3. The impact of cycling on the battery discharge platform,

As the cycle progresses, the discharge platform of lithium-ion batteries tends to deteriorate. The discharge platform is lowered. So the capacity represented by the same voltage also changes accordingly.

4. Different manufacturers and capacities of lithium-ion batteries have slight differences in their discharge platforms.

5. There are significant differences in the discharge platform of lithium-ion batteries with different types of electrode materials. The discharge platforms of cobalt lithium and manganese lithium are completely different.

All of these can cause voltage fluctuations and voltage differences, making the battery capacity display unstable

When measuring the battery capacity on a mobile phone using voltage, it is impossible for the phone to be in a low current standby state all the time. The temporary loss of high current, such as turning on backlight, playing ringtones, and especially passing through, can cause the battery voltage to quickly decrease. At this point, the displayed capacity of the phone will decrease more than the actual capacity. After the high current is removed, the voltage of the battery will rise. This will lead to an unreasonable phenomenon where the display of phone capacity actually increases.

Table of battery voltage versus battery capacity:

Having said so much, here is a standard table of voltage versus remaining battery capacity (left side) and a table of high current constant current discharge versus battery voltage versus capacity (right side)

100% - -4.20V 100% - -4.20V

90% -4.06V 90% -3.97V

80% -3.98V 80% -3.87V

70% - --3.92V70% - --3.79V ▲

60% --3.87V60% --3.73V

50% -3.82V 50% -3.68V

40% --3.79V ▲ 40% --3.65V

30% --3.77V 30% --3.62V

20% --3.74V20% --3.58V

10% -3.68V10% -3.51V

5% - -3.45V 5% - -3.42V

0% -3.00V0% -3.00V

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