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The charging cycle of lithium batteries is about 500 times. The average lifespan of lithium batteries used in ordinary electronic products is about 8 years, and the longest can reach 20 years. However, when used in electric motors, this level is often not achieved because the motor capacity has decreased to a certain extent, the battery life is not good, and the power is also not good. It is necessary to consider replacement soon. Generally, lithium batteries used in cars can last for about 5 years, which is very impressive, and many may only last for about 3 years
1. There are many types of lithium batteries. Similarly, for lithium batteries, the difference is significant. All lithium batteries contain lithium ions, but due to different ratios, theoretically there can be thousands of different types of lithium batteries. When Wang Chuanfu mentioned the patent for lithium-ion batteries, he once said that if I squat, I can change the posture slightly to achieve a different result. This also indirectly indicates that there are many types of lithium-ion batteries. The mainstream ones are generally ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate. Most people on Earth know this, but the difference is not to be mentioned. You can search on Baidu. Currently, ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate are actually infinitely close, because all manufacturers are looking for the most ideal ratio.
There are many domestic and international manufacturers of lithium batteries, and Panasonic is the benchmark internationally. Tesla is Panasonic, which is also well-known. The benchmark in China is BYD, which is also well-known. In addition to BYD, there are several manufacturers of lithium batteries in China. The current situation is that good lithium batteries are in short supply, and Panasonic's annual production is not enough to supply Tesla. It is not possible for Tesla to build its own battery factory, and it is also difficult for BYD to supply its own lithium iron phosphate batteries with full production capacity. However, ordinary lithium batteries do not have a market, so it is impossible to generalize the lifespan of lithium batteries. Different quality naturally leads to different lifespans, just like passenger cars. Ferrari and Xiali are both passenger cars, but their performance is very different.
2. The user's usage method directly affects the battery life. Taking the Panasonic 18650 ternary lithium battery used by Xiaoniu as an example, the official statement states that its lifespan is approximately 500 cycles. One cycle refers to running a full distance, not specifically charging each time. The mileage of a calf is 100 kilometers, which means that driving 100 kilometers can be considered as completing one cycle of the battery. The number of cycles refers to the number of cycles before the battery capacity decays to 80%. It is generally believed that lithium batteries are no longer suitable for use as power batteries when their capacity decays to below 80%, and can still be used. The calf has 500 cycles, which means it has a mileage of 50000 kilometers. If calculated at 80%, it also has a mileage of 40000 kilometers. I drive about 4000 kilometers per year, which means I can use it for about 10 years. However, just like the possibility of destroying a car is not mileage, but time. Similarly, the condition of a car that travels 100000 kilometers per year is vastly different from that of a car that travels 100000 kilometers per decade. Taxis that can travel 600000 kilometers in four years are still relatively new, while family cars that can travel 600000 kilometers in 50 years become dilapidated.
Similarly, when it comes to circulating batteries, they can last for ten years. It's hard to say whether the battery can withstand the test of ten years. The user manual of Xiaoniu clearly states that maintaining a battery level between 20% and 80% is the best for battery life, which means that charging and discharging can greatly reduce the battery life. Careful use may cycle 700 times, while harmful use may only last 200 times. In other words, the battery life not only depends on the battery itself, but also in our own hands. In addition, frequent high current discharge can also shorten the battery life.
3. Regarding the mileage of electric vehicles. Charging an electric vehicle is different from refueling, as it is far less convenient than refueling, so many people are very concerned about mileage. The battery technology mastered by humans is far more than just lithium batteries. Without considering cost, the weight of existing batteries can completely exceed one thousand kilometers. However, speaking of cost is terrifying. After all, merchants need to make money, and manufacturers will definitely not use batteries from special and fighter jets on electric vehicles, otherwise they will be compensated. So limited by cost and technology, the mileage of electric vehicles cannot be increased temporarily unless there is significant theoretical innovation.
4. The difference between lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries. At present, there are mainly two types of batteries for civilian use. Lead acid has a low cost and is much heavier than lithium batteries at the same charge. Discharge is said to have an advantage over lithium batteries (this is not very clear), and it is greatly affected by low temperatures. When the temperature is below zero, the mileage will decrease by half compared to summer, and decay is fast. My home is five kilometers away from my workplace, and there are four lead-acid batteries for electric bicycles. When they cannot be used, their lifespan is only about two years, and the mileage is about 8000 to 10000 kilometers, which is not much longer. Lithium batteries are much more expensive, lightweight, and less affected by low temperatures. They can drop by around 20% to 30% when the temperature drops below zero.
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