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Explosion means an instant release of pressure.

In many cases, batteries are not enclosed. Whether it is a lithium-ion battery or a lead-acid battery, safety valves are set up in the design to address the abnormal increase in internal pressure. Even if there is a short circuit or other abnormal situation inside the battery, the internal pressure will be released in a timely manner, without causing significant risks.

So since the battery was designed with potential risks in mind, why do we often see cases of battery explosions in news reports?

The vast majority of so-called explosions come from vehicle circuits or capacitors in chargers

Firstly, many so-called battery explosion cases are not actually battery explosions, but capacitor explosions caused by short circuits or faults in controllers or electrical systems. These explosions have a very small scale, and many only have some sounds and sparks. In this case, catching fire is the biggest source of danger.

Partial capacitor explosion without even visible open flames

Secondly, when the battery or other components of the vehicle burn, due to the use of a large amount of plastic materials in the body, many people may mistake the crackling sound of plastic burning for an explosion.

The battery structure is damaged, and the battery material detonates after direct contact with air

The most serious situation is that the battery really exploded. One situation is that low-quality batteries do not have their own safety valves designed or the safety valves are damaged, making them unable to serve pressure relief purposes. When the internal pressure of the battery is too high, an explosion occurs; Another scenario is when the battery charger malfunctions, leading to overcharging and the release of hydrogen gas inside the battery. When hydrogen gas and oxygen are mixed in a certain proportion, detonation occurs.

Is lithium-ion batteries really more dangerous than lead-acid batteries? The fact is not so

Since we understand why batteries explode, which one is safer, lithium-ion batteries or lead-acid batteries?

From the perspective of battery structure, currently most lithium-ion battery packs are packaged with 18650 batteries, while lead-acid batteries are also maintenance free lead-acid batteries with good sealing performance. If the internal pressure is too high and the safety valve is abnormal, the risk factors of the two are basically the same.

Safety valve on top of 18650 battery cell

If it is due to hydrogen evolution inside the battery due to overcharging, the electrolyte content in 18650 batteries is quite limited, and the amount of hydrogen evolution is also extremely limited. However, for lead-acid batteries with dilute sulfuric acid as the electrolyte, if overcharging occurs, the phenomenon of hydrogen evolution inside the battery is severe, and the probability of detonation is greatly increased.

In the case of severe damage to a certain brand of lithium-ion battery pack, the safety valve was activated to release pressure and no fire or explosion occurred

From the perspective of battery safety protection, the 18650 battery cells are designed with safety valves, which not only release excessive internal pressure, but also physically disconnect the battery from the external circuit, effectively isolating the battery cell to ensure the safety of other cells in the battery pack. In addition, lithium-ion battery packs are usually equipped with BMS protection boards, which can accurately control the status of each cell in the battery pack, directly solving the problem of overcharging and discharging at the root.

BMS can solve the problems of overcharging and discharging of individual lithium-ion battery cells to the greatest extent possible

On the contrary, lead-acid batteries seem to lack safety protection in addition to safety valves. BMS protection is almost non-existent, and many low-quality chargers cannot even cut off power after being fully charged. The safety guarantee is far from that of lithium-ion batteries.

Lead acid batteries lack BMS system protection

Paired with a low-quality charger, if nothing happens, it's your good character

Of course, if you are using a lithium-ion battery with a price similar to lead-acid batteries, no one can save you in this situation.

Lastly, if the battery structure is damaged due to accidental impact, lead-acid batteries seem to be safer than lithium-ion batteries. However, in accidents of this level, the battery material has already been exposed to an open environment, and explosions are impossible to talk about.

Batteries are not caused by bombs, but rather by inferior products

From the perspective of battery safety redundancy design, qualified lithium-ion batteries and lead-acid batteries can fully ensure the safety of user use, and there is no significant difference in safety.

However, due to the large number of low-end small electric vehicles and scooters on the market, which mostly use low-quality lithium-ion batteries, accidents are relatively more likely to occur, which also leaves consumers with the illusion that lithium-ion batteries are unsafe.

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