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What raw materials are needed for lithium battery production? There are many raw materials used in the production of lithium batteries, and the main components of lithium batteries are: positive electrode materials, negative electrode materials, separators, and electrolytes. Lithium batteries are a new generation of green high-energy batteries with excellent performance, and have become one of the focuses of high-tech development. At present, the supply of lithium battery raw materials is sufficient, and some products have sufficient production capacity. The competition is fierce, and the lithium battery industry is still hot.

What raw materials are needed for lithium battery production?

Lithium batteries are mainly composed of positive electrode materials, negative electrode materials, separators, and electrolytes. Positive electrode materials account for more than 40% of the total cost of lithium batteries, and the performance of positive electrode materials directly affects the various performance indicators of lithium batteries. Therefore, lithium positive electrode materials occupy a core position in lithium batteries.

1. Positive electrode material

Among positive electrode materials, the most commonly used materials are lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, and ternary materials (nickel cobalt manganese polymers). The positive electrode material accounts for a large proportion (the mass ratio of positive and negative electrode materials is 3:1~4:1), because the performance of the positive electrode material directly affects the performance of lithium-ion batteries, and its cost directly determines the cost of the battery.

Lithium battery cathode materials have a broad market and a very optimistic prospect. However, there are still certain technological bottlenecks in the positive electrode materials of lithium batteries, especially their advantages of high capacitance and strong safety performance have not been fully utilized. Chinese enterprises should strengthen the research and development of key technologies for positive electrode materials, achieve an international leading position, enhance core competitiveness, and gain an advantage in international competition.

2. Negative electrode material

Among negative electrode materials, natural graphite and artificial graphite are currently the main types of negative electrode materials. The negative electrode materials being explored include nitrides, PAS, tin based oxides, tin alloys, nano negative electrode materials, as well as some other intermetallic compounds. As one of the four major components of lithium batteries, negative electrode materials play an important role in improving the capacity and cycling performance of batteries, and are at the core of the midstream of the lithium battery industry.

3. Diaphragm

The market-oriented diaphragm materials are mainly polyolefin diaphragms made of polyethylene and polypropylene. In the structure of lithium batteries, the separator is one of the key inner components. The performance of the separator determines the interface structure, internal resistance, and other characteristics of the battery, directly affecting its capacity, cycling, and safety performance. An excellent separator plays an important role in improving the overall performance of the battery.

4. Electrolyte

Lithium battery electrolyte is the carrier for ion transport in batteries. It is generally prepared from high-purity organic solvents, electrolyte lithium salts, necessary additives, and other raw materials under certain conditions and in a certain proportion. The electrolyte plays a role in conducting ions between the positive and negative electrodes of lithium-ion batteries, ensuring that lithium-ion batteries obtain high voltage, high specific energy, and other advantages.

What are the main materials of lithium batteries?

Carbon negative electrode materials, which have been practically used in lithium-ion batteries, are mostly carbon materials, such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, mesophase carbon microspheres, petroleum coke, carbon fiber, pyrolysis resin carbon, etc.

Tin based negative electrode materials can be divided into two types: tin oxide and tin based composite oxide. Oxides refer to the oxides of various valence metal tin. There are no commercialized products.

Nitrides have no commercial products.

The alloy category includes tin based alloys, silicon-based alloys, germanium based alloys, aluminum based alloys, antimony based alloys, magnesium based alloys, and other alloys, and there are no commercial products available.

Nanoscale, carbon nanotubes, and nano alloy materials.

Nano oxides, according to the latest market development trends in the new energy industry of lithium batteries, many companies have started using nano titanium oxide and nano silicon oxide to add to traditional graphite, tin oxide, and nano carbon nanotubes, greatly improving the charging and discharging capacity and frequency of lithium batteries.

If it is a polymer lithium-ion battery, the positive electrode should be selected from lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, three raw materials, lithium iron phosphate, etc; The negative electrode is usually graphite, but there are also additives such as conductive carbon black, CMC/PDVF, etc; Diaphragm; Electrolyte, etc.

Current situation of raw material market in domestic lithium battery industry:

① The diaphragm market is fiercely competitive

Although the domestic diaphragm market is fiercely competitive, it still has the characteristics of surplus low-end products and insufficient high-end production capacity. Except for a small number of enterprises that can produce high-end products, most other enterprises are duplicating the construction of low-end products. However, due to high barriers in production technology, long production line construction cycles, and uncertainties in production time and actual production capacity, the high-end diaphragm market will still be in short supply.

② Breakthrough in electrolyte technology and price decrease

The production of lithium battery electrolytes has always been controlled by Japan and South Korea, and prices have remained high for a long time. With the breakthrough of domestic lithium hexafluorophosphate technology, the electrolyte is gradually becoming domestically produced. Based on good expectations for the market space of lithium-ion batteries, some large and strong domestic enterprises have begun to enter the field of lithium-ion battery electrolytes, and are seizing opportunities to expand production capacity. The pressure of market price competition is constantly increasing.

In 2017, the price of lithium battery electrolytes was driven by the temporary overcapacity of lithium hexafluorophosphate and the continuous decline in prices. Among them, the prices of energy storage lithium battery electrolytes and power lithium battery electrolytes fell significantly, with both dropping by more than 15% year-on-year. In 2017, the overall price of electrolyte products was at a low level, with an average market price of 53000 yuan/ton.

③ The market demand for positive electrode materials is gradually recovering

At present, the demand for lithium battery cathode materials in the market is gradually recovering, and the demand for upstream lithium battery raw materials is increasing month on month, but still lower than the same period last year. In 2016, the price of lithium cobalt oxide gradually increased, reaching 443000 yuan/ton in August 2018. The price of lithium phosphate also increased rapidly after 2016, reaching 216000 yuan/ton in August 2018. However, with the launch of new projects by major domestic positive electrode material manufacturers, the demand for positive electrode materials in the market will gradually become balanced. Considering the impact of the decline in cobalt prices, the overall price of positive electrode materials may fall.

The above are the raw materials required for the production of lithium batteries. The performance of lithium battery UPS power supply in recent years has been remarkable, continuously providing safe, stable, and efficient lithium battery products and solutions for users in various industries.

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