-How long does it take to fully charge a 3.7V lithium battery for the first time

How long does it take to fully charge a 3.7V lithium battery for the first time
author:enerbyte source:本站 click148 Release date: 2024-06-06 08:59:51
abstract:
There are many sayings about the "activation" issue of lithium batteries: the charging time must exceed 12 hours, repeated three times, in order to activate the battery. The statement that the first three charges require more than 12 hours of charging is clearly a continuation of nickel ba...

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There are many sayings about the "activation" issue of lithium batteries: the charging time must exceed 12 hours, repeated three times, in order to activate the battery. The statement that the first three charges require more than 12 hours of charging is clearly a continuation of nickel batteries (such as nickel cadmium and nickel hydrogen). So this statement can be said to have been a misunderstanding from the beginning. The charging and discharging characteristics of lithium batteries and nickel batteries are very different, and it can be very clear that overcharging and overcharging can cause significant damage to lithium batteries, especially liquid lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, it is best to charge according to standard time and methods, especially do not charge for more than 12 hours. The statement in many phone manuals that new battery charging must take more than twelve hours is incorrect!

In addition, lithium battery phones or chargers will automatically stop charging after the battery is fully charged, and there is no "trickle" charging that nickel chargers refer to as lasting for more than 10 hours. That is to say, if your lithium battery is fully charged and placed on the charger, it is also a white charge. In addition, for some mobile phones, if the charger is not removed after a certain period of time, the system will not only not stop charging, but also start a discharge charging cycle. Perhaps the manufacturer of this approach has its own purpose, but it is clearly detrimental to the lifespan of batteries and mobile phones/chargers.

In addition, another aspect that cannot be ignored is that lithium batteries are also not suitable for over discharge, and over discharge is also detrimental to lithium batteries.

When should charging start during normal use

We often see this saying: because the frequency of charging and discharging is limited, the phone battery should be charged as much as possible after being depleted. However, this statement is clearly incorrect! Under normal circumstances, you should charge according to the principle of using up the remaining battery power before charging (but never using a shutdown before charging). If your battery is expected to last for the entire day on the second day, you should start charging in a timely manner! And when you need to charge to cope with an important event that is expected to cause busy communication, even when there is still a lot of remaining battery power, you just need to charge in advance because you haven't really lost a charging cycle life! The principle of using up the remaining battery power before recharging is not to take you to extremes. A widely circulated saying, similar to long-term charging, is "try to use up the battery of your phone as much as possible, and it's best to use automatic shutdown.". This approach is actually just a practice on nickel batteries, aimed at avoiding memory effects. Unfortunately, it has also been passed down on lithium batteries to this day. There was once an example of someone using automatic shutdown despite not charging due to the warning of low battery level on their phone. As a result, the phone in this example showed no response during subsequent charging and startup, and had to be sent for maintenance. This is actually caused by excessive discharge of the battery, resulting in a low voltage that does not meet normal charging and startup conditions. Practical experience has proven that the scrap rate of lithium batteries with a discharge depth of 100% is 50% (years of experience have shown that only half of the repair power sources for lithium batteries with a discharge depth of over 99% can be activated, and the remaining half are scrapped!)

The correct approach for lithium-ion battery smartphones

To sum up, my most important reminder about the charging and discharging issues of lithium-ion battery phones during use is:

1. Charge according to the standard time and procedure, even the first three times. First, plug the charger (cable charging) into the power supply and then plug the output end of the charger into the phone charging port. Someone wants to ask: is it good to charge when turned on or when turned off? Answer: All right! A few brands of mobile phones cannot charge the backup battery in the phone (the small lithium battery on the motherboard, which supplies 32.768 clock crystals) when it is turned off for charging. Only by using direct charging in standby mode can the backup battery be charged!

2. When there is a low battery prompt on the phone, it is advisable to start charging as soon as possible; Lithium batteries are most susceptible to damage in the event of over discharge!

3. The activation of lithium batteries does not require a special method, as they will naturally activate during normal phone use. If you insist on using the popular "first three 12 hour long charging activation" method, it will not actually be effective. Generally speaking, depending on the size of the battery, the charging time is between 2-4 hours. Therefore, all practices that pursue 12 hours of ultra long charging and use lithium battery phones for automatic shutdown are wrong!

I personally think this statement is very correct. I consulted the relevant chapters in the book "High Energy Chemical Power Supply" and the book said that lithium batteries can be charged freely, and the charging cycle marked on the battery is... For example, if a lithium battery has a nominal 900mAh, it took 700mAh to charge 900mAh for the first time, then 300mAh to charge and 200mAh again. At this time, the battery has accumulated a discharge of 900mAh and used one cycle. Hehe, the lifespan has been reduced once. How long does it take to fully charge can be calculated as charging time=battery capacity x (1.2-1.5)/charger charging speed

Generally, when buying a mobile phone or laptop, it will have some electricity because lithium-ion batteries come with a certain amount of power at the factory, so they can be used immediately without necessarily needing to be charged before use. From both theoretical and practical perspectives, the effect of first charging a lithium-ion battery is exactly the same whether it is "recharged after use" or "recharged after use". There is a limit here, it is best to charge first if the factory date reaches more than half a year, because the battery level is too low at this time. Some lithium batteries have the first three cycles of activation by mobile phone lithium batteries. In fact, these activations do not need to be done intentionally. After using the first three cycles of charging and discharging, the mobile phone lithium battery and lithium battery basically return to their optimal state. When fully charging a mobile phone's lithium battery or lithium battery pack for the first time, the lithium battery can be removed from the charger because there is no "activation" problem with lithium batteries during the first use. Therefore, the charging and discharging characteristics of lithium batteries and nickel hydrogen batteries are very different. If overcharging causes significant damage to the cycle life of lithium batteries, lithium battery packs, and lithium-ion batteries, continuous charging while fully charged can cause excessive overcharging of the battery. When charging a lithium battery for the first time, after it is fully charged, separate the lithium battery from the charger. Lithium batteries will automatically stop charging when fully charged (temporarily) because they have protective PMC protection, and there is no "continuous" trickle charging for a long time, which is the difference between lithium batteries and nickel hydrogen batteries. So, we need to pay attention when charging.

The lifespan of electricity is generally 300-500 charging cycles. Assuming a complete discharge provides 1Q of electricity, without considering the decrease in electricity after each charging cycle, a lithium battery can provide or supplement a total of 300Q-500Q of electricity during its lifespan. From this, it can be seen that if you charge with 1/2 each time, you can charge 600-1000 times; If 1/3 is used each time to charge, it can be charged 900-1500 times. Similarly, if charging randomly, the number of times is uncertain. In short, no matter how it is charged, the total amount of electricity replenished from 300Q-500Q is constant. So, we can also understand it this way: the lifespan of a lithium battery is related to the total charging capacity of the battery, and not to the number of charges. The impact of deep discharge and shallow discharge on the lifespan of lithium batteries is not significantly different. So, when some manufacturers promote it, they say, "A certain strong lithium battery can be charged more than 1500 times." This is purely deceiving consumers.

In fact, shallow discharge and shallow charging are more beneficial for lithium batteries. Only when the power module of the product is calibrated for lithium batteries, is there a need for deep discharge and deep charging. So, products powered by lithium-ion batteries do not have to be limited to the process. Convenience is the top priority, and you can charge them at any time without worrying about affecting their lifespan.

The use of lithium-ion batteries should pay attention to three points:

1. How to charge a new battery

When using lithium batteries, it should be noted that after being left for a period of time, the battery enters a sleep state. At this time, the capacity is lower than the normal value, and the usage time is also shortened. But lithium batteries are easy to activate, as they can be activated and restored to normal capacity after 3-5 normal charging and discharging cycles. Due to the inherent characteristics of lithium batteries, they have almost no memory effect. Therefore, users do not need special methods or equipment during the activation process of new lithium batteries. Not only in theory, but from my own practice, it is best to use the standard method of charging from the beginning, which is a "natural activation" method.

There are many sayings about the "activation" issue of lithium batteries: the charging time must exceed 12 hours and be repeated three times in order to activate the battery. The statement that the first three charges require more than 12 hours of charging is clearly a continuation of nickel batteries (such as nickel cadmium and nickel hydrogen). So this statement can be said to have been a misunderstanding from the beginning. The charging and discharging characteristics of lithium batteries and nickel batteries are very different, and it can be very clear that all the serious formal technical materials I have consulted emphasize that overcharging and overcharging can cause huge damage to lithium batteries, especially liquid lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, it is best to charge according to standard time and methods, especially do not charge for more than 12 hours.

In addition, lithium batteries or chargers will automatically stop charging after the battery is fully charged, and there is no "trickle" charging that nickel chargers refer to as lasting for more than 10 hours. That is to say, if your lithium battery is fully charged and placed on the charger, it is also a white charge. And none of us can guarantee that the characteristics of the charging and discharging protection circuit of the battery will never change and the quality will be foolproof, so your battery will be on the brink of danger for a long time. This is also another reason why we oppose long-term charging.

In addition, for some machines, if the charger is not removed after a certain period of charging, the system will not only not stop charging, but also start a discharge charging cycle. Perhaps the manufacturer of this approach has its own purpose, but it is clearly detrimental to the battery's lifespan. At the same time, long-term charging requires a long time and often needs to be carried out at night. Based on the situation of China's power grid, the voltage at night in many places is relatively high and fluctuates greatly. As mentioned earlier, lithium batteries are very delicate, and their ability to withstand fluctuations in charge and discharge is much worse than nickel batteries, which brings additional risks.

In addition, another aspect that cannot be ignored is that lithium batteries are also not suitable for over discharge, and over discharge is also detrimental to lithium batteries. This leads to the following question.

2. When should charging start during normal use

Because the frequency of charging and discharging is limited, the lithium battery should be recharged by using up as much electricity as possible. But I found an experimental table about the charging and discharging cycles of lithium-ion batteries, and the data on cycle life is listed as follows:

Cycle life (10% DOD):>1000 cycles

Cycle life (100% DOD):>200 cycles

DOD is the English abbreviation for discharge depth. From the table, it can be seen that the number of rechargeable times is related to the depth of discharge, and the cycle life at 10% DOD is much longer than that at 100% DOD. Of course, if we take into account the actual total charging capacity: 10% * 1000=100100% * 200=200, the complete charging and discharging of the latter is still better. However, the previous statement from netizens needs to be corrected: under normal circumstances, you should charge the battery according to the principle of using up the remaining battery power before charging. However, if your battery cannot last for the entire day on the second day, you should start charging in a timely manner. Of course, if you are willing to carry a charger to the office, that's another matter.

And when you need to charge to cope with important events that are expected to cause busy communication, even when there is still a lot of remaining battery power, you just need to charge in advance because you have not really lost "1" charging cycle life, which is "0. x" times, and often this x will be very small.

The principle of using up the remaining battery power before recharging is not to take you to extremes. A widely circulated saying, similar to long-term charging, is "try to use up the battery of the machine as much as possible, and it is best to use automatic shutdown.". This approach is actually just a practice on nickel batteries, aimed at avoiding memory effects. Unfortunately, it has also been passed down on lithium batteries to this day. There was once an example of someone using automatic shutdown despite not charging due to the warning of low battery level on the machine. As a result, the machine in this example showed no response during subsequent charging and startup, and had to be sent to customer service for maintenance. This is actually caused by excessive discharge of the battery, resulting in a low voltage that does not meet normal charging and startup conditions.

3. Correct practices for lithium batteries

In summary, the most important reminder for the charging and discharging issues of lithium batteries during use is:

1. Charge according to standard time and procedure, even for the first three times;

2. When there is a low battery prompt, it is advisable to start charging as soon as possible;

3. The activation of lithium batteries does not require a special method, and lithium batteries will naturally activate during normal machine use. If you insist on using the popular "first three 12 hour long charging activation" method, it will not actually be effective.

Therefore, all practices that pursue 12 hour ultra long charging and use lithium batteries for automatic shutdown are wrong. If you have followed the wrong statement before, please correct it in a timely manner, perhaps it is not too late.

4. Pay attention to fire prevention when using lithium batteries

Many people may have only become familiar with lithium batteries from their mobile phones. In fact, it is used in many household appliances. Undoubtedly, the advantages of lithium batteries such as high efficiency and lightweight are rapidly promoting their application. But did you know that if used improperly, it can also cause you to get angry?

Lithium batteries have advantages such as lightweight, high efficiency, and low temperature resistance (-40 ℃). 0.3mm thick, stamp sized lithium batteries can be used continuously for more than 5 years. In recent years, the current alkaline dry batteries and manganese batteries are gradually being phased out, and are widely used in many high-end home appliances and mobile phones.

Lithium batteries are different from the water-soluble electrolytes of zinc chloride and potassium hydroxide used in current manganese batteries and alkaline dry batteries. They use organic solvents. The positive electrode of lithium batteries is made of materials such as manganese dioxide, lead fluoride, and sulfur chloride. The lithium metal foil used as the negative electrode has a stronger ionization tendency and a larger voltage difference between the positive and negative electrodes compared to the zinc chloride used as the negative electrode in general batteries, which improves the working efficiency of lithium batteries.

However, lithium batteries often generate heat and burn during use, which can affect the use of the host in mild cases and even cause fires by burning the host in severe cases. According to reports, Japan has experienced multiple incidents of household fires caused by the heating and combustion of lithium batteries in recent years.

So why do lithium batteries generate heat and burn? Many materials in lithium batteries, when in contact with water, can undergo violent chemical reactions and release a large amount of thermal energy, leading to heating and combustion phenomena. The manganese dioxide in the positive electrode of a lithium battery can generate heat with just a small drop of water. After contact with water, sulfur chloride in lithium batteries generates hydrochloric acid and sulfur dioxide, while releasing heat energy. Several factors make lithium batteries a "spark" in daily life. Therefore, people must pay attention to waterproofing and moisture prevention when using lithium batteries. After various hosts are shut down, lithium batteries should be removed and placed in a dry and low-temperature place for proper storage to prevent and avoid household fire accidents caused by improper use of lithium batteries.


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