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Lithium batteries utilize the reverse movement of lithium ions and electrons stored in the positive electrode material during charging and discharging to achieve normal operation. Their main structures include the positive electrode, negative electrode, and electrolyte. In addition to the main four parts, the current collector used to store positive and negative electrode materials is also an important component of lithium batteries. Its main function is to collect the current generated by the battery's active materials, in order to form a larger current output. According to the working principle and structural design of lithium-ion batteries, the positive and negative electrode materials need to be coated on the conductive current collector. Therefore, the current collector should be in full contact with the active substance and the internal resistance should be as small as possible.

Copper foil and aluminum foil have advantages such as good conductivity, formed oxide protective film, soft texture that is conducive to bonding, mature manufacturing technology, and relatively low price, so they are selected as the main materials for lithium battery current collectors. The positive electrode potential of lithium batteries is high, and the oxide layer of aluminum foil is relatively dense, which can prevent the oxidation of the current collector. However, copper will undergo lithium insertion reaction at high potentials, so it is not suitable to be used as the positive electrode current collector. Aluminum foil is generally used as the positive electrode current collector; The potential of the negative electrode is low, and aluminum foil is prone to forming aluminum lithium alloy at low potential. The negative electrode current collector generally uses copper foil, and there is no interchangeability between copper foil and aluminum foil.

Principle diagram of lithium-ion battery

Internal structure of lithium-ion batteries

The negative active material of the battery is composed of about 90% of the negative active material carbon material, 4%~5% acetylene black conductive agent, and 6%~7% adhesive. After uniform mixing, the prepared negative active sauce is generally evenly coated on the surface of the copper foil current collector. The thickness of the active material is 50-100m, and the negative electrode is prepared through drying, rolling, and cutting processes. The basic performance of lithium batteries is closely related to the materials of the entire battery system. For the negative electrode, in addition to the active material of the negative electrode, the quality of copper foil also has a significant impact on the negative electrode manufacturing process and battery performance.

The influence of performance indicators of lithium copper foil on lithium batteries

As a current collector for lithium batteries, the thickness of lithium copper foil is usually between 7-20 μ m. At present, the thickness of copper foil equipped on new energy vehicles is 8-12 μ m, and the mass of the entire vehicle's copper foil reaches over 10kg. The smaller the thickness of lithium copper foil, the lighter the weight of the battery. At the same time, thinner lithium copper foil also means smaller resistance, which will improve the performance of the battery. Therefore, reducing the quality of copper foil on batteries, lowering the cost of copper foil raw materials, and providing higher energy density have become the key to using copper foil for power lithium batteries. We believe that the future trend is to use lighter and thinner lithium battery copper foil.

Performance requirements for lithium battery copper foil

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