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The power lithium battery can be understood as a "sandwich" structure, consisting of positive and negative electrodes at the top and bottom, with a diaphragm sandwiched between them. The traditional liquid battery immerses the upper, middle and lower structures of the battery in liquid electrolyte, while the semi-solid battery "squeezes" part of the liquid in the battery and replaces some with solid electrolyte. When all the liquid in the battery is "squeezed out" and replaced with solid electrolyte, it becomes an all solid state battery.

Recently, Tailan New Energy, a new power of solid state batteries, announced that its first semi-solid power lithium battery production line in Chongqing will be put into production in October this year. Previously, Guoxuan High Tech also released a semi-solid battery, saying it would be mass produced in the car by the end of the year.

On June 1, the Fourteenth Five Year Plan for Renewable Energy Development jointly issued by nine departments including the National Development and Reform Commission pointed out that high energy density energy storage technologies such as sodium ion batteries, liquid metal batteries, solid lithium batteries, metal air batteries and lithium sulfur batteries should be developed. Since this year, many companies have actively laid out semi-solid batteries. Will the new track of lithium battery power be opened?

Longer endurance and safer

What is a semi-solid battery? Bo Shouxing, associate professor of Michigan College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, introduced to the reporter: "The power lithium battery can be understood as a 'sandwich' structure, consisting of positive and negative electrodes at the top and bottom, with a separator sandwiched between them. The traditional liquid battery immerses the upper, middle and lower structures of the battery in liquid electrolyte, while the semi-solid battery 'squeezes' part of the liquid in the battery and replaces some with solid electrolyte. When all the liquid in the battery is' squeezed' and replaced with solid electrolyte, it becomes an all solid battery."

Yizhong is actively developing semi-solid batteries. "On the one hand, the liquid in the semi-solid battery decreases, the battery weight decreases, the stored energy becomes higher, and the energy density increases; on the other hand, the semi-solid battery reduces the liquid, reduces the flammability, and greatly improves the safety." Bo Shouxing said.

Guoxuan High tech also told reporters that, "Solid state and semi-solid state technologies can significantly improve energy density and significantly increase battery life. In addition, semi-solid state technology is also safer than traditional battery technology. At present, the energy density of Guoxuan High Tech semi-solid state battery cells can reach 360 watt hours/kg, and the range of loaded vehicles can reach 1000 kilometers. At the same time, Guoxuan High Tech semi-solid state batteries have passed the rigorous needle test and the hot box test higher than the national standard."

Some insiders believe that the gradual mass production of semi-solid batteries will enhance industry confidence and attract more resources to invest in this technology research and development.

Compromise

Previously, there was a view in the industry that "solid state battery is the final form of power lithium battery", but all solid state battery still faces difficulties such as process technology, and its commercial application will not be until 2025.

"Because of the fast migration speed of liquid, the liquid battery can conduct ions rapidly between the positive and negative poles, so the charging speed of power lithium battery is fast. However, the all solid electrolyte often cannot reach this speed, and the charging speed is poor." Bo Shouxing believes that the current market's enthusiasm for semi-solid batteries is just a compromise. "It can not only improve the performance and safety, but also guarantee the key performance indicators of batteries such as charging speed."

Ma Hongyun of Lishen Battery Research Institute believes that: "The important reason why semi-solid batteries are popular in the industry is that they use solid liquid mixed electrolytes. On the basis of improving the safety performance of batteries, they can be compatible with existing processes, equipment and materials to the greatest extent. They are products with excellent comprehensive performance at this stage."

However, some insiders said frankly: "All solid electrolyte has the problems of limited mass production and relatively high cost at the material level, which will not have a huge impact on ternary batteries and traditional lithium batteries in a short time."

Positive layout of the company

From the perspective of production, Bo Shouxing believes that semi-solid batteries, to a certain extent, belong to the category of "changing the soup without changing the dressing", which is highly compatible with the traditional lithium battery production process, and can be achieved only by partially adjusting the original production architecture.

At the same time, the technical level of each company has been developed and improved. For example, Lishen Battery has solved the core technical problems in semi-solid battery production in the aspects of model simulation research, new material development, new chemical system design, special cell structure design, process manufacturing process development and failure mechanism research of semi-solid battery.

The reporter found that many companies have entered the semi-solid battery market. In January of this year, Funeng Technology said on the interactive platform that "the first generation semi-solid battery was sent to the customers of the vehicle factory and received good feedback"; In the same month, Ganfeng Lithium said that the semi-solid battery had been loaded in Dongfeng Fengshen E70; In April, Honeycomb Energy and the Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly set up a solid state battery technology research center

However, semi-solid battery is not the ultimate goal of power lithium battery manufacturers. Guoxuan High Tech said, "There are prototype samples of 400Wh/kg ternary semi-solid battery. In the future, we will accelerate the transition from liquid battery to semi-solid battery through technological innovation, and finally achieve full solid state."

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