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Battery capacity refers to the amount of electricity, which can also be understood as "volume". Below, we will delve into the detailed meaning of battery capacity from several aspects such as battery capacity units, battery capacity calculation, battery capacity testing, and battery capacity kWh.

1. Battery capacity unit

The capacity units of lithium-ion batteries are milliampere hours, ampere hours, and watt hours.

Represented by coincidence: milliampere hour mah (MAH); Anshi ah (AH); Watt hour Wh.

Simply put, the physical meaning of battery capacity refers to how much charge a battery can hold or release, and we often use Ah (ampere hour) or mAh (milliampere hour) to represent it.

According to the meaning formula of current: I=Q/t, it can be known that Q=It. The unit of current I is mA (milliampere), and t represents time in hours. Therefore, our battery capacity unit is mAh.

That is to say, if the capacity of a battery represents 1000mAh, and its operating current is 100mA, theoretically it can be used for power supply for 10 hours.

However, from the formula, we can see that Q=It does not involve voltage, so this unit can only indicate how much Coulomb of charge can be accommodated inside the battery. But it cannot be stated how much work this battery can do, or what is the maximum power that the battery can supply. The working voltage of different types of products varies. Therefore, we often see a number in Wh next to mAh. The work that a battery can do is W=UIt=UQ, and the unit of voltage U * current I is W (watts). Therefore, W in a battery is expressed in Wh, which represents how much work the battery can do.

2. Battery capacity calculation

The calculation method for battery capacity (C): Capacity C=Discharge battery (constant current) Ix Discharge time (hours) T Conversely: Discharge time T=Capacity C/Discharge current (constant current) I For example, if a battery is discharged with a constant current of 500MA (milliampere) for 2 hours, then its capacity is equal to 500MA * 2H=1000MAH=1AH. Similarly, if a battery is discharged with a current of 5A for 2 hours, then its capacity is 10AH.

3. Battery capacity and power conversion

In terms of units, the unit of power in watts (W) is represented by P=UI, 1W=1V A (one watt equals one volt ampere) battery capacity mA. h (milliampere hour) It is clear that these two parts are different.

Further search for relationships:

The unit of electrical energy and work in joules (J) can be determined by W=Pt as follows: 1. J=1W. s=1V A. If the voltage of the battery is known, multiply the voltage by the battery capacity and see what you can get: the unit of V.m.A.h is essentially the same as the unit of electrical energy. To convert it:

1V. mA. h=1V * 10 ^ -3A * 3600s=3.6V A. S=3.6.7

What does battery capacity kWh mean

The rated capacity C of a battery, in ampere hours (Ah), is the product of the discharge current in amperes (A) and the discharge time in hours (h). Due to the fact that the Ah obtained from using different discharge parameters for the same battery is different, in order to facilitate the description, measurement, and comparison of battery capacity, it is necessary to set uniform conditions in advance. In practice, battery capacity is defined as the amount of electricity given by discharging a battery to a set voltage using a set current. It can also be said that battery capacity is the product of the time it takes to discharge the battery to the set voltage using the set current and this current.

In order to set unified conditions, several discharge rates were first set based on the differences in battery construction characteristics and usage. The most common rates are 20 hours, 10 hours, and 2 hours for electric vehicle specific batteries, written as C20, C10, and C2. C represents the battery capacity, and the number following represents the number of hours for this type of battery to discharge to the set voltage at a certain intensity of current. So, dividing the hours by the capacity yields the rated discharge current. That is to say, batteries with the same capacity but different discharge rates have significantly different nominal discharge currents. For example, a battery with a capacity of 10Ah and a discharge rate of 2 hours for an electric bicycle, written as 10Ah2, has a rated discharge current of 10 (Ah)/2 (h)=5A; A car's starting battery has a capacity of 54Ah and a discharge rate of 20 hours, written as 54Ah20. Its rated discharge current is only 54 (Ah)/20 (h)=2.7A! From another perspective, if these two types of batteries are discharged with 5A and 2.7A currents respectively, they should be able to continue for 2 hours and 20 hours respectively before dropping to the set voltage.

The voltage set above refers to the termination voltage (in volts). The termination voltage can be simply understood as the minimum value at which the battery voltage drops to a level that does not cause damage during discharge. The termination voltage value is not fixed and unchanging, it decreases with the increase of discharge current. The larger the discharge current of the same battery, the lower the termination voltage can be, and vice versa, it should be higher. That is to say, high current discharge allows the battery voltage to drop to a lower value, while low current discharge is not possible, otherwise it will cause damage.

The current intensity of the battery during operation is often expressed in terms of multiplication, written as NCh. N is a multiple, C represents the ampere hours of capacity, and h represents the number of hours specified by the discharge rate. The value of h here is only used to indicate which discharge rate the relevant battery belongs to. Therefore, when describing a battery with a specific discharge rate in detail, the multiplier is often written in the form of NC without subscripts. Multiplying N by the capacity C equals the current A. For example, a 20Ah battery uses a 0.5C rate discharge, with 0.5 x 20=10A. From another perspective, for example, if a car's starting battery has a capacity of 54Ah and the measured output current is 5.4A, then its discharge rate N at this time is 5.4/54=0.1C. The following figure shows the relationship between the termination voltage and discharge time of a 20 hour rate battery product at different discharge rates, which is representative of typical lead-acid batteries.

The number of Ah (product of current and time) obtained by the same battery under different discharge currents is different. Assuming the capacity of the battery is 10Ah, the discharge time can only continue for 1 hour at a rate of 0.6C, which is 6A. The amount of electricity that can be discharged is only 6A x 1h=6Ah. At 0.05C, which is 0.5A, the discharge time can continue for 20 hours, and the discharged power is 0.5A x 20h=10Ah. Although the termination voltage of the former is much lower than that of the latter, the amount of electricity that can be discharged is much smaller than that of the latter.

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