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The maximum charging current that lithium-ion batteries can accept is usually 1C or even smaller. The so-called 1C charging rate refers to charging at a current rate of 1 times the capacity, with a charging time of 1 hour. In fact, to achieve a long lifespan of lithium-ion batteries, it is basically necessary to charge them at 0.1-0.3C for 10-4H. That is to say, for a battery with a capacity of 1500mAh, if charged at 0.2C, the charging current is 0.2 x 1500=300mA, and it can be charged for 5 hours.

The conventional capacity type of 18650 lithium-ion battery is 1800-2400 (ternary material), and the charging current is generally 0.5C, which is 1A. The rate type 1200-1500 has a charging current of 0.5C, but only 0.7A. Lithium ion batteries generally adopt the form of low current charging and discharging. If the current is increased, it will cause the charging and lithium insertion speed to be too fast, which will have a devastating impact on the structure of the positive and negative electrode materials. The lifespan will quickly end within more than ten weeks and may also bring safety issues.

There are many charging methods for lithium-ion batteries, which can be divided into conventional charging and fast charging according to charging efficiency. The conventional charging methods include constant current charging, constant voltage charging, stage charging, and intermittent charging, while fast charging includes pulse charging and Reflex charging.

The charging current of lithium-ion batteries in daily expressions refers to the charging current during the fast charging stage of lithium-ion batteries. As a dynamic process, the maximum charging current of lithium-ion batteries is actually divided into three stages.

1. The optimal current for pre charging: When the initial/no-load voltage of a lithium-ion battery is lower than the pre charging threshold, it first needs to go through a pre charging stage. For a single lithium-ion battery, this threshold is generally 3.0V. At this stage, the pre charging current is about 10% of the current in the next constant current charging stage.

2. The optimal current for constant current charging: Constant current refers to the constant current, gradually increasing voltage, and entering the fast charging stage. Most constant current charging currents are set between 0.4 and 0.6C, which can be understood as 0.5C, meaning that it can be fully charged in about two hours without considering other factors. The reason for choosing 0.5C is because this current effectively balances charging time and charging safety.

3. Charging current during constant voltage charging: For a single lithium-ion battery, when the battery reaches a certain voltage value, it enters constant voltage charging, which is generally 4.2V. At this stage, the voltage remains unchanged and the current decreases; This current reduction is a sequential decreasing process, and most lithium-ion batteries choose 0.01C as the termination current for protection, which means that the charging process enters the end state. Once the charging is completed, the charging current drops to zero.

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