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The electric vehicle industry is becoming increasingly popular, but as an emerging industry, it has developed with multiple thinking and routes, without forming an inherent pattern in the industry. Many things inside are becoming increasingly difficult for consumers to understand.

For example, the voltage of the battery. Initially, electric bicycles were generally 36V (volts), some were 24V, and even 12V (12V was used as the first level because lead-acid batteries were used in the past, and the voltage of a single lead-acid battery was 12V). Later, the voltage of electric scooters increased to 48V, 60V, 72V, 84V, and even exceeded 100V.

The electric vehicle industry requires higher power, and the battery voltage is generally above 100V, mostly 300V, and even up to over 600V.

Many people wonder, is it better to have a higher or lower battery voltage for electric vehicles? Does the higher the voltage, the better the car's performance?

To clarify this issue, the first step is to understand the relationship between voltage, current, and power. The formula is very simple

Voltage * Current=Power

For example, if an electric vehicle has a battery voltage of 48V and a working current of 30A (amperes), then the output power of this battery is

48 * 30=1440W

Friends who ride electric bikes should have experienced that the power of a car with this power is actually average. If you want a higher power, there are two ways: either increase the battery voltage or increase the working current.

Increase battery voltage

Assuming we increase the battery voltage of this 48V electric vehicle to 72V and 120V, we can see a significant increase in power.

It seems that the higher the voltage, the better. However, an increase in voltage brings two biggest drawbacks: safety and difficulty in designing electrical components.

But direct current is more dangerous than alternating current of the same voltage, and different countries have different regulations. Generally, direct current with a voltage of less than or equal to 36V or 48V is considered a safe voltage, and a voltage exceeding 60V can already cause harm to the human body. In EU electrical regulations, products above 48V require additional electrical safety certification. In principle, batteries above 48V should be equipped with electrical insulation and waterproof protection that meets regulatory requirements.

The power lines of electric vehicles are equipped with insulation protection above 1000V and IP67 waterproof level, and these protections require a lot of cost and will also occupy the space of the vehicle body layout.

Furthermore, the electronic and electrical design of high-voltage circuits is also a major challenge. Because electronic components all have voltage resistance levels. To achieve higher voltage resistance, it often means that electrical components require higher costs and larger volumes. Moreover, high voltage inevitably requires an increase in the number of battery cells connected in series, making the battery management system more complex and resulting in a significant increase in costs.

BMW C-Evolution modular battery structure

It can be seen that high voltage brings about an increase in cost and a demand for assembly space, so nowadays, large and high-value products such as electric vehicles generally use high voltage batteries more frequently.

Increase the working current

Let's now look at the way to increase the working current. Assuming we increase the current of this electric vehicle with a battery voltage of 48V to 50A and 80A, we can see a significant increase in power as well.

However, the disadvantage of increasing the current is also obvious. The circuit itself also has resistance, so when the current passes through the circuit, it will consume electrical energy due to the heating caused by the resistance. The larger the current, the greater the loss and waste of electrical energy on the transmission line. At the same time, the heating of the circuit itself can also bring hidden dangers. That's why the State Grid of China needs to use tens of thousands and hundreds of thousands of volts for power transmission.

At the same time, high current operation also puts higher requirements on electronic components. As long as there are minor design flaws or defects, high current will amplify the problem, causing rapid damage and even greater danger such as circuit combustion.

So, whether it is to increase the battery voltage or increase the working current to improve the working power of electric vehicles, without proper design and strict testing, there will be great safety hazards.

Many electric vehicles on the market are equipped with a voltage range of 72-110V, but due to cost or space layout issues, there is no corresponding level of insulation protection, which poses great safety hazards. As a manufacturer, this is extremely irresponsible behavior. As consumers, we should consider our own safety and choose a reliable manufacturer.

In recent years, many automobile and motorcycle companies have begun to promote low-voltage solutions. In the automotive industry, Japanese car manufacturers represented by Toyota have started using 48V system solutions in electric vehicles. In the motorcycle industry, BMW, KTM, ZERO from the United States, Harley, White Ghost, and others all have 48V electric motorcycle products.

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