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Li ion is the development of lithium-ion batteries. So before introducing Li ion, let's first introduce lithium-ion batteries. The positive electrode material of lithium-ion batteries is lithium metal. The negative electrode material is carbon material. According to the naming convention, we refer to this type of battery as a lithium-ion battery.

The positive electrode material of Li ion is lithium cobalt oxide, and the negative electrode material is carbon material. The charging and discharging process of a battery is achieved by the insertion and migration of lithium ions from the positive electrode into the negative electrode carbon material, which is why it is called Li ion.

Li ion batteries have the following advantages:

1) The working voltage of a single battery can reach up to 3.6V;

2) Greater than energy. At present, the actual specific energy that HYB steel shell batteries can achieve is 100-135W.h/kg and 280-353W.h/L (twice as much as Ni Cd and 1.5 times as much as Ni MH). With the development of technology, the specific energy can reach up to 150W.h/kg and 400W.h/L

3) Long cycle life. Generally, it can reach 500 times or even 1000 times.

4) Good safety performance, pollution-free, and no memory effect. As the predecessor of Li ion, lithium-ion batteries have reduced their application areas due to the tendency of metallic lithium to form dendrites and cause short circuits; Li ion does not contain elements that pollute the environment, such as cadmium, lead, mercury, etc; A major drawback of some processes (such as sintering) in Ni Cd batteries is the memory effect, which seriously restricts the use of batteries, but Li ion does not have this issue.

5) Low self discharge

The self discharge rate of Li ion, which is fully charged at room temperature and stored for one month, is about 10%, much lower than the 25-30% of Ni Cd and 30-35% of Ni and MH.

Li ion also has certain drawbacks, such as:

1) The cost of batteries is relatively high. The important manifestation is the high price of LiCoO2 (with limited Co resources) and the difficulty in purifying the electrolyte system.

2) Cannot discharge with high current. Due to the organic electrolyte system and other reasons, the internal resistance of batteries is relatively high compared to other types of batteries, so a smaller discharge current density is required. Generally, the discharge current is below 0.5C, which is only suitable for use in small and medium-sized electrical appliances.

3) To protect circuit control.

A. Overcharge protection: Overcharging the battery will damage the positive electrode structure and affect performance and lifespan; Simultaneously overcharging causes the electrolyte to decompose, resulting in high internal pressure and leakage problems; Due to the continuous increase in voltage during the charging process, the battery must be charged at a constant voltage of 4.2V;

B. Overdischarge protection: Overdischarge can cause irreversible and significant attenuation of the capacity of a large amount of active substances, so it is also necessary to have protective circuit control.

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