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A continuous and long-term constant voltage charging method. In order to balance the capacity loss caused by battery self discharge, it is necessary to continuously and continuously charge the battery at a constant voltage for a long time. This charging mode is called float charging, also known as float charging or continuous charging. The voltage of float charging is slightly higher than that of trickle charging, which is sufficient to compensate for the self discharge loss of the battery and can quickly restore the battery to a nearly fully charged state after discharge. Also known as continuous charging. This charging method is mainly used for telephone exchange stations, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), and various backup power sources.

After the battery is fully charged, it is called float charging or trickle charging when a small current is used to continue charging the battery. The small current is generally not artificially set, but after the voltage is set to the float charging voltage (such as in the case of a 12V battery, the float charging voltage is within the range of 13.2V to 13.8V), the battery automatically forms a float charging current because it is fully charged and can accept very little current.

There are three purposes for float charging:

1. Maintaining the voltage of the battery within the range of float charging voltage, at which point the corrosion of the grid (i.e. the conductive skeleton of the electrode plate) of the battery is in the slowest state, can prolong the battery life.

2. Supplement the capacity loss caused by battery self discharge and maintain sufficient power.

3. Inhibition of sulfation caused by recrystallization of active substances.

There is no limit to the float charging time of batteries. As long as the voltage is within the range of float charging voltage, lead-acid batteries are not afraid of float charging. For example, long-life batteries used in communication systems have a warranty period of more than 8 years. Throughout their entire lifespan, except for the use of mains faults and routine maintenance, they are always in a float charging state.

Float charging is a type of power supply (discharge) operation for a battery pack. The system connects the battery pack in parallel with the power line to the load circuit, and its voltage is generally constant, only slightly higher than the terminal voltage of the battery pack. The small amount of current supplied by the power line compensates for the local losses of the battery pack, so that it can frequently maintain a charging state without overcharging.

Float charging characteristics: The battery pack is a charging device that not only supplies power to conventional loads, but also provides float charging current to the battery pack. This operating mode is called full float charging mode, abbreviated as float charging operation

Therefore, the battery pack can be charged and discharged according to the fluctuation of the power line voltage. When the load is light and the power line voltage is high, the battery pack is charged. When the load is heavy or the power supply is unexpectedly interrupted, the battery pack is discharged to share some or all of the load. In this way, the battery pack plays a stabilizing role and is in a standby state.

The working mode of float charging power supply can be divided into half float charging and full float charging. The working mode of semi float charging or periodic float charging is when a portion of the time (when the load is heavy) is powered by floating charging, while another portion of the time (when the load is light) is powered solely by the battery pack. If all the time is supplied by parallel floating charging of the power supply line and battery pack, it is called full floating charging working mode, or continuous floating charging working mode.

Battery packs used in float charging mode generally have a longer lifespan than those used in full charge discharge mode, and can be replaced with smaller capacity battery packs. This floating charging power supply method is often used as a backup power supply for power plants and a normal power supply for telephone stations.

Float charging voltage refers to the voltage output by the rectifier when the rectifier and battery are connected in parallel to the feeder in a communication power supply system. When the mains power is normal, it is supplied by the rectifier and also provides a small supplementary current to the battery. This power supply method is called float charging.

There are three types of working voltages within the basic voltage range: float charging voltage, balanced voltage, and termination voltage

When the battery is in a fully charged state, the charger will not stop charging, but will still provide a constant float voltage and a small float current to supply the battery. Because once the charger stops charging, the battery will naturally release electrical energy. Therefore, using float charging to balance this natural discharge.

Uniform charging

A charging mode for a battery. Charging the battery in a fixed current and time manner results in faster charging. The charging voltage is higher than that of float charging. The charging mode commonly used by professional maintenance personnel for battery maintenance is also beneficial for activating the chemical properties of the battery.

Floating charge

A power supply (discharge) working mode of a battery pack, which connects the battery pack in parallel with the power line to the load circuit. Its voltage is generally constant, only slightly higher than the open circuit voltage of the battery pack. The small amount of current supplied by the power line compensates for the losses caused by the local action of the battery pack, so that it can frequently maintain a charging state without overcharging. Therefore, the battery pack can be charged and discharged according to the fluctuation of the power line voltage. When the load is light and the power line voltage is high, the battery pack is charged. When the load is heavy or the power supply is unexpectedly interrupted, the battery pack is discharged to share some or all of the load. In this way, the battery pack plays a stabilizing role and is in a standby state. (Used for backup batteries)

The working mode of float charging power supply can be divided into half float charging and full float charging. The working mode of semi float charging or periodic float charging is when a portion of the time (when the load is light) is powered by floating charging, while another portion of the time (when the load is heavy) is powered solely by the battery pack. If all the time is supplied by parallel floating charging of the power supply line and battery pack, it is called full floating charging working mode, or continuous floating charging working mode.

Battery packs used in net charging mode generally have a longer lifespan than those used in full charging and discharging mode, and can be replaced with smaller capacity battery packs. This floating charging power supply method is often used as a backup power supply for power plants and a normal power supply for telephone stations.

At present, the float charging voltage selected for fixed lead-acid batteries in DC systems of power plants and substations in China is basically 2.15V per battery.

But there are also some units that have tested and operated, and based on experience, believe that increasing the float charging voltage appropriately is beneficial. For example, the Chongqing Battery Research Institute proposed a float charging voltage of 2.16V when the electrolyte density is 1.212 (25oC), and 2.1sV when the electrolyte density is 1.240 (25 ℃), without considering changes in room temperature. The float charging voltage is also related to the composition of the electrode plate. The formation type electrode plate and lead calcium alloy plate grid do not have antimony pollution, so the overpotential will not change. The float charging voltage can be used between 2.17 and 2.25V, while the lead antimony alloy type should be used between 2.15 and 2.17V. The research institute of the state-owned Yangtze River Power Plant has proven through years of testing that the float charging voltage of fixed lead-acid batteries is slightly lower at 2.15-2.17V. When the specific gravity of sulfuric acid in the battery electrolyte is 1.215, a float charging voltage of 2.18-2.ZOV is more suitable. [1]

The float charging voltage is related to the specific gravity of the electrolyte. Float charging voltage contains overpotential, and there is no linear relationship between overpotential value and float charging current value, so float charging

There should also be no linear relationship between voltage and electrolyte density. If the specific gravity of the electrolyte is used higher, the float charging voltage can be slightly increased accordingly. In addition, there is a close relationship between the float charging voltage and the float charging current value. In 1978, our institute and Shenyang Battery Research Institute conducted various characteristic tests and discussions on GGF series batteries. The float charging current measured for GGF-10 type batteries under different float charging voltage values is shown in Table 2. The float charging current values listed in Table 2 are measured when the battery is charged at the possible float charging voltage, while the commonly referred to float charging current refers to the corresponding charging voltage. The continuous and stable charging current value of the lower battery. As can be seen from the table, 2

a. When the float charging voltage is low, the float charging current is smaller. On the contrary, when the float charging voltage is high, the float charging current is larger.

b. A battery in float charging operation is actually charged at a constant voltage at a given value. Therefore, when the charging current value remains stable, it indicates that the battery is in a fully charged state.

c. When the battery is balanced charged at 2.4V voltage and then float charged at 2.15V voltage, its current value is lower than the charging current directly charged with 2.15V voltage float. [1]

Float charging refers to a continuous and long-term constant voltage charging method. The voltage of float charging is slightly higher than that of trickle charging, which is sufficient to compensate for the self discharge loss of the battery and can quickly restore the battery to a nearly fully charged state after discharge. Also known as continuous charging. This charging method is mainly used for telephone exchange stations, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), and various backup power sources.

Floating charge exists on the capacitance between the plates, which is not large. Floating charge is also known as surface floating charge. If discharged, it can be quickly discharged, and the operation of the battery cannot rely on these floating charges. It can only rely on the chemical reaction between the liquid and the electrode plate. Only the chemical energy stored in the chemical reaction can ensure sufficient discharge capacity.

(1) The battery should always be in an online float charging state.

(2) The float charging voltage of the battery is 2.23V/cell (25 ℃).

(3) The maximum difference in terminal voltage between the same group of batteries after 6 months of float charging operation should not exceed 100mV/cell.

(4) The float charging current under normal conditions during the float charging process is ≤ 1 ‰ C10.

(5) The float charging voltage should be adjusted accordingly with temperature changes. The temperature compensation coefficient is generally -3mV/℃ · cell for 2V series, and -4mV/℃ · cell for 6V and 12V series (based on 25 ℃).

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