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Perhaps many people will find a situation where the battery casing of an electric vehicle is very hot when charging. However, many people believe that this is a very normal thing. The battery is allowed to generate slight heat during use or charging, but abnormal heat is not allowed. When you touch the battery casing with your hand and you can clearly feel that it is very hot, it indicates that the battery is abnormally heating. In this situation, everyone must not ignore it, because the harm of abnormal heating of the battery is significant.

Heating will first cause the electrolyte moisture to evaporate and gradually dry up, followed by a decrease in charging efficiency, deformation of the electrode plate, increased internal resistance, accelerated oxidation of mechanical components, burning of the electrode plate or isolation material, and finally manifested in a decrease in battery capacity and shortened lifespan. So, if you find that the battery is overheating abnormally during use or charging, you must not ignore it anymore.

There are two main types of battery heating:

1、 Heating during battery discharge refers to abnormal heating of the battery during use;

2、 It is the battery that heats up during charging. The reasons for abnormal battery heating in different situations are also different.

1. Reason for battery discharge heating: Discharge is too fast, which may be due to small battery capacity and discharge current exceeding 0.5C for a long time. It is emphasized here that after short distance driving, although the battery consumes a certain amount of electricity, after it comes to a standstill, the battery undergoes a recovery process, and the electrochemical process of the electrode plate continues. Therefore, the voltage will rise slightly, but it does not mean that the capacity will increase; On the contrary, during long-distance travel without stopping, the electrification of the electrode plate and the consumption of electrical energy occur simultaneously, which can lead to three situations:

① When the rated voltage of the motor is low, the battery capacity is small, and the working current is too high, the voltage will sharply decrease, and the capacity will be quickly consumed, which is most detrimental to the battery.

② The electrochemical reaction rate of the battery can only maintain driving, and there is no chance for the battery to recover or breathe. It often undergoes full cycle charging and discharging, which can lead to excessive consumption if not paid attention to. Encountering uphill winds consumes a lot of electricity, forcing the battery plates to react rapidly. The high heat of the battery casing can damage the battery, shorten its lifespan, and indicate insufficient capacity.

③ Ideally, the electrochemical reaction rate of the battery can provide sufficient electrical energy calmly. The shell of the battery has no abnormal heat, indicating that the battery capacity is surplus.

Only the last of the three situations is ideal for long-distance driving. It should be noted that the battery casing is noticeably heating up, and the internal battery itself is even hotter.

2. The reason for the heating during battery charging: During the charging process, a portion of the electrical energy is converted into chemical energy, while another portion is converted into thermal and other energy. Charging batteries to generate heat is a normal phenomenon, but when the temperature is high, it is necessary to check in a timely manner whether the charging current is too high or if there is a short circuit inside the battery.

The relationship between heat generation and electrolyte quantity is relatively small. For example, when the amount of electrolyte in sealed batteries is small, the internal resistance increases, which can also cause the battery to heat up and the terminal voltage to be high during charging. Battery aging, electrolyte drying, and internal short circuits can also cause heating. The charger cannot maintain a constant voltage during the later stage of charging, which can cause the battery voltage to exceed the allowable value, resulting in an increase in temperature and, in severe cases, swelling, and the end of its lifespan.

During use, try not to lay it horizontally or upside down to prevent a large amount of gas produced inside the battery from being discharged smoothly from the vent valve, especially during charging, otherwise it may cause the shell to burst.

In short, if there is abnormal heating phenomenon in the battery, it must not be ignored and should be repaired and maintained at a professional repair and maintenance shop as soon as possible.

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