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At present, there are two mainstream battery technology routes in new energy vehicles, lithium iron phosphate battery and ternary lithium battery. Although these two types of batteries compete in many application fields, the main focus is on the competition in the field of new energy vehicles, because this is the largest lithium battery application scenario in China. Since there is competition, there must be a comparison. The comparison of battery cost-effectiveness can be made through the price of the vehicle. To compare the performance of ternary lithium battery and lithium iron phosphate battery, it is necessary to set conditions and obtain the actual parameters of the two types of batteries to explain. According to experiments conducted by relevant laboratories, new energy vehicle manufacturers, and power battery manufacturers, although there may be slight differences in specific parameters in each test, the performance of the two types of batteries

1. Choose BYD for buses and Tesla for sedans. This refers to the difference in volume between the two. From the current technology, the energy density of ternary lithium batteries is generally around 200Wh/kg, and may reach 300Wh/kg in the future; However, lithium iron phosphate batteries currently hover around 100-110Wh/kg, with some reaching 130-150Wh/kg, but it is very difficult to break through 200Wh/kg. Therefore, ternary power batteries can provide twice as much space as lithium iron phosphate, which is important for sedans with limited space. Tesla produces ternary lithium batteries, while BYD produces lithium iron phosphate batteries, hence the saying "choose BYD for passenger cars and Tesla for sedans.".

2. Similarly, due to its high energy density, much smaller weight, and small space occupation, ternary lithium battery new energy vehicles consume less electricity, resulting in faster speed and stronger endurance. So, choosing a ternary lithium battery for sedans can run farther, while lithium iron phosphate new energy vehicles are currently mainly used for urban buses because their range is not long and they require a charging station to charge within a short distance.

3. Although lithium iron phosphate batteries are resistant to high temperatures, ternary lithium batteries have better low-temperature performance and are the main technical route for manufacturing low-temperature lithium batteries. At minus 20 ° C, ternary lithium batteries can release 70.14% of the capacity, while lithium iron phosphate batteries can only release 54.94% of the capacity. Moreover, under low-temperature conditions, the discharge platform of ternary lithium batteries is much higher than that of lithium iron phosphate batteries, and they start up faster than the voltage platform.

The judgment of superiority and inferiority tends to be consistent. For this, we take representative parameters for comparison.

4. Charging efficiency is higher for ternary lithium batteries. Lithium ion battery charging adopts the current and voltage limiting method, which means constant current charging is performed in the first stage. At this time, the current is high and the efficiency is high. After reaching a certain voltage, constant current charging enters the second stage of constant voltage charging. At this time, the current is small and the efficiency is low. Therefore, the charging efficiency of the two is measured by the ratio of the constant current charging amount to the total battery capacity, which is called the constant current ratio. The experimental data shows that there is not much difference between the two when charging under conditions below 10C, but charging above 10C will widen the distance. At 20C, the constant current ratio of ternary lithium batteries is 52.75%, and the constant current ratio of lithium iron phosphate batteries is 10.08%. The former is 5 times that of the latter.

5. In terms of cycle life, lithium iron phosphate batteries are superior to ternary lithium batteries. The theoretical life of ternary lithium batteries is 2000 cycles, and the capacity decays to 60%; Even if the industry brand Tesla can maintain 70% of its battery capacity after 3000 cycles, while lithium iron phosphate batteries still have 80% capacity after the same cycle.

The comparison of the above five aspects can roughly determine the relative advantages of the two, which helps answer the question of which is better between ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries: lithium iron phosphate batteries are safe, have a long lifespan, and can withstand high temperatures; The light weight, high charging efficiency, and low temperature resistance of ternary lithium batteries are the reasons for the coexistence of two males due to their respective adaptability in different times and places.

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