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As we all know, the power battery is the core component of the pure electric vehicle, and its performance in all aspects is closely related to the vehicle performance. Today, we will talk about the "coat" of the battery, which is also an important part in the production of the power battery - packaging. Good battery packaging directly determines the safety and life of the battery. Therefore, selecting an optimal battery shell material and selecting the optimal packaging process according to the characteristics of the shell material has become a very focused topic for every power battery manufacturer.

First of all, we need to find out what requirements the power battery packaging needs to meet. In combination with the use scenarios of automobile products, it is necessary to withstand mechanical impacts such as falling, impact resistance, vibration resistance, extrusion and puncture. In addition, it is also required to meet the requirements of immersion in chemistry, high and low temperature resistance, fire resistance and flame retardancy, thermal management in temperature, and lightweight and wiring layout in design. Therefore, it is not difficult to see that the packaging process threshold for power batteries is not low.

As far as the current situation is concerned, there are three most mainstream battery packaging methods: cylindrical, square shell and soft package. Although the flexible package battery has many advantages, such as flexible size change, high energy density, light weight, and small internal resistance, it also has disadvantages, such as poor mechanical strength, difficult sealing process, complex group structure, and great design difficulty, and even shows average cost, consistency, and safety.

Although both cylinder and square are hard shell packages, they also have their own corresponding characteristics. For example, cylindrical packaging has small size, flexible grouping, low cost and mature process. At present, the packaging method adopted by Tesla's pure electric vehicles is the hard shell cylindrical battery. However, as an international first-line brand, it still has to face the problems of difficult heat dissipation design, poor consistency, heavy weight, low energy density and so on after grouping the cylindrical packaging.

As the name suggests, the square cell packaging is to make the single cell into a square and use high-strength aluminum alloy as the packaging material, which has the advantages of light weight and strong hardness. In addition, this packaging is conducive to making the internal materials of the battery more tightly wrapped, and the battery is not easy to expand under the high hardness limit of the hard shell, so it is relatively safer. For example, as a car enterprise with the synchronous manufacturing capacity of batteries and complete vehicles, BYD, the leading new energy vehicle in the domestic new energy field, has been shaping the wind vane of the new energy industry with its product technology strength. BYD has adopted the hard shell square power battery packaging process in the power battery packaging. For example, the latest pure electric vehicle Qin ProEV500 of the Dynasty series carries an aluminum alloy square battery with an energy density of 160.9W/kg, In addition, BYD's square shell packaging mode is also equipped with an explosion-proof plug inside. If the heat is out of control, the expansion air will be released from the fixed direction of the explosion-proof plug, which will not easily affect other electric cells, greatly increasing the reliability and safety of the vehicle.

On the other hand, BYD adopts the square packaging process, which reduces the gap between the cells compared to the cylindrical packaging, making the overall size more compact. In addition, the housing uses aluminum magnesium alloy with smaller density, lighter weight and higher strength, which makes the energy density and safety of the battery higher. The performance in terms of endurance will also be more outstanding.

In general, as pure electric vehicles enter the outbreak period, the battle of technical lines related to the battery field will not end. The industry generally believes that in the next five years, there will still be three kinds of batteries coexisting. It is believed that the batteries with soft package, square and cylindrical packaging processes will also rely on their respective advantages to achieve breakthroughs on the road of continuous improvement. As the final model product or car enterprise brand, the OEMs like BYD, which already have the advantages of the whole industry chain, are bound to follow the existing square shell packaging technology route to achieve technological breakthroughs faster and achieve progress in battery packaging technology at low cost and high quality.

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