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The old driver tells you the difference between lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries. There are two types of UPS batteries on the market: lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries. So what is the difference between lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries? At present, batteries are still the mainstream in battery factories. Therefore, there is still a long way to go for lithium batteries to replace lead-acid batteries. In this article, the editor will focus on the differences between lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries, and welcome corrections for those who are inexperienced.

What is the difference between lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries?

Lead acid battery: Lead acid battery (VRLA) is a type of battery whose electrodes are mainly made of lead and its oxides, and whose electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution. In the discharge state of lead-acid batteries, the main component of the positive electrode is lead dioxide, and the main component of the negative electrode is lead; In the charging state, the main component of the positive and negative electrodes is lead sulfate.

Lithium battery: Lithium battery is a type of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloy as the negative electrode material and non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Due to the highly reactive chemical properties of lithium metal, the processing, storage, and use of lithium metal have very high environmental requirements. Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium-ion batteries.

Comparison of differences between lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries:

We need to compare lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries from the perspectives of weight energy density, volume energy density, service life, price, applicability, national policies, safety, environmental protection, etc

1. Weight energy density

At present, the energy density of lithium batteries is generally between 200-260wh/g, and lead-acid is generally between 50-70wh/g. Therefore, the weight energy density of lithium batteries is 3-5 times that of lead-acid batteries. This means that under the same capacity, lead-acid batteries are 3-5 times that of lithium batteries. Therefore, in terms of lightweight energy storage devices, lithium batteries have an absolute advantage.

2. Volumetric energy density

The volume capacity density of lithium batteries is usually about 1.5 times that of lead-acid batteries, so for the same capacity, lithium batteries are about 30% smaller than batteries.

3. Usage cycle

The currently popular material systems are ternary and iron lithium. The cycle times of ternary power type lithium batteries are usually more than 1000 times, while the cycle times of iron phosphate lithium batteries are more than 2000 times. The cycle times of batteries are usually only about 300-350 times, so the service life of lithium batteries is about 3-6 times that of lead-acid batteries.

4. Price

At present, lithium batteries are about three times more expensive than lead-acid batteries in terms of price. However, based on the analysis of service life, investing the same cost still results in a longer service life for lithium batteries.

5. Applicability

Lithium batteries have slightly lower safety compared to lead-acid batteries, so various safety precautions need to be taken during use, such as preventing external forces or accidents from damaging the lithium battery, as this may cause fire or explosion; At present, the temperature applicability of lithium batteries is also very good, so in other adaptability aspects, lithium batteries are no less than lead-acid batteries.

6. Usage scenarios

Lead acid batteries: car starting, electric vehicle batteries,

Lithium batteries: Mobile phones, computers, power tools, UPS power supplies, etc. are now also used for electric vehicle batteries.

7. Internal materials

The positive and negative electrodes of lead-acid batteries are lead oxide, metallic lead, and the electrolyte is concentrated sulfuric acid,

The positive and negative electrodes of lithium batteries are lithium cobalt oxide/lithium iron phosphate/lithium manganese oxide, graphite, and organic electrolytes.

8. Security

The safety of lithium batteries comes from the stability and reliable safety design of positive electrode materials. Lithium iron phosphate completely solves the safety hazards of lithium cobalt oxide and lithium manganese oxide. Lead acid batteries can explode under strong collisions, while lithium iron phosphate has undergone strict safety testing, ensuring that it will not explode even in severe collisions.

9. Environmental protection

Lithium iron phosphate batteries do not contain any heavy metals or rare metals, are non-toxic, and are pollution-free in both production and use. They comply with European RoHS regulations and are environmentally friendly batteries. However, lead-acid batteries contain a large amount of lead, which, if not properly disposed of after disposal, can still cause secondary pollution to the environment.

10. Working temperature range

The working temperature range of lithium batteries is -20-60 ℃, without the need for air conditioning, reducing equipment installation, maintenance, and electricity costs. The working temperature range of lead-acid batteries is 15-35 ℃.

11. Discharge characteristics

For lithium batteries and batteries that are fully charged at the same temperature and with different discharge currents, the discharge output characteristics of lithium batteries are very stable, while the discharge output characteristics of batteries vary greatly, which can cause power instability.

Which is better, battery or lithium battery?

Lithium batteries are better. Lithium batteries, whether in terms of volumetric energy or weight energy, are more than three times higher than lead-acid batteries. Lithium batteries are smaller in size and lighter in weight. Long cycle life. The battery efficiency is not high. The battery pack is bulky, resulting in a heavy weight on the body and short driving range, requiring regular maintenance of the battery.

Some people refer to lithium batteries as "substitutes" for lead-acid batteries, and I think it makes sense. With the continuous decrease in the cost of lithium batteries and the constant updating of technology, lithium batteries have been widely and deeply applied in various fields. I think if you want to use it safely and for a long time, buying a lithium battery is still a reliable choice!

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