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Complete List of Lithium Battery Cylinder Models

1、 What is a cylindrical lithium battery?

1. Definition of cylindrical batteries

Cylindrical lithium batteries are divided into three different systems: lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, cobalt manganese mixture, and ternary materials. The outer shell is divided into two types: steel shell and polymer. Different material systems have different advantages for batteries. At present, steel shell cylindrical lithium iron phosphate batteries are mainly used as the main type of batteries. These batteries have high capacity, high output voltage, good charge discharge cycle performance, stable output voltage, high current discharge, stable electrochemical performance, safe use, wide working temperature range, and environmental friendliness. They are widely used in solar lamps, lawn lamps, backup energy, electric tools, and toy models.

2. Cylindrical battery structure

A typical cylindrical battery structure includes: shell, cap, positive electrode, negative electrode, diaphragm, electrolyte, PTC element, gasket, safety valve, etc. The general battery casing is the negative electrode of the battery, the cap is the positive electrode of the battery, and the battery casing is made of nickel plated steel plate.

3. The advantages of cylindrical lithium batteries

Compared with soft packs and square lithium batteries, cylindrical lithium batteries have the longest development time, higher standardization, more mature processes, higher yield rates, and lower costs.

· Mature production process, low PACK cost, high yield of battery products, and good heat dissipation performance

· The cylindrical battery has formed a series of internationally unified standard specifications and models, with mature technology, suitable for large-scale continuous production.

· The specific surface area of a cylinder is large, and the heat dissipation effect is good.

· Cylindrical batteries are generally sealed batteries, and there are no maintenance issues during use.

· The battery casing has high pressure resistance and will not experience phenomena such as square or soft packaged battery expansion during use.

4. Positive electrode material for cylindrical batteries

At present, the mainstream commercial positive electrode materials for cylindrical batteries mainly include lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4), ternary (NMC), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), etc. Different material systems have different characteristics for batteries, and the comparison is as follows:

5. Negative electrode material for cylindrical batteries

There are approximately six types of negative electrode materials for cylindrical batteries: carbon negative electrode materials, alloy negative electrode materials, tin based negative electrode materials, lithium containing transition metal nitride negative electrode materials, nanoscale materials, and nanoscale negative electrode materials.

· Carbon nanoscale material negative electrode material: Currently, most of the negative electrode materials used in lithium-ion batteries are carbon materials, such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, mesophase carbon microspheres, petroleum coke, carbon fiber, pyrolysis resin carbon, etc.

· Alloy negative electrode materials: including tin based alloys, silicon based alloys, germanium based alloys, aluminum based alloys, antimony based alloys, magnesium based alloys, and other alloys, there are currently no commercial products available.

· Tin based negative electrode materials: Tin based negative electrode materials can be divided into two types: tin oxide and tin based composite oxide. Oxides refer to the oxides of various valence metal tin. There are currently no commercial products available.

· There are currently no commercial products for lithium containing transition metal nitride negative electrode materials.

· Nanoscale materials: carbon nanotubes, nano alloy materials.

· Nano negative electrode material: Nano oxide material

2、 Cylindrical lithium battery cells

1. Brand of cylindrical lithium-ion battery cells

Cylindrical lithium batteries are popular among lithium battery companies in Japan and South Korea, and there are also considerable enterprises in China that produce cylindrical lithium batteries. The earliest cylindrical lithium battery was invented by Japanese company SONY in 1992.

Famous cylindrical lithium-ion battery brand: Sony, Panasonic, Sanyo, Samsung, LG, Wanxiang A123, Bike, Lishen, etc.

2. Types of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries

Cylindrical lithium-ion cells are usually represented by five digits. Starting from the left, the first and second digits refer to the diameter of the battery, the third and fourth digits refer to the height of the battery, and the fifth digit represents a circle. There are many models of cylindrical lithium batteries, including 10400, 14500, 16340, 18650, 21700, 26650, 32650, etc.

① 10440 battery

The 10440 battery is a type of lithium battery with a diameter of 10mm and a height of 44mm. It is the same size as the commonly referred to as the "No. 7 battery", and its capacity is generally very small, only a few hundred mAh. It is mainly used in mini electronic products. For example, flashlights, mini speakers, amplifiers, etc.

② 14500 battery

14500 battery is a type of lithium battery with a diameter of 14mm and a height of 50mm. This type of battery is generally 3.7V or 3.2V, with a relatively small nominal capacity, slightly larger than 10440 battery, usually 1600mAh. It has excellent discharge performance and is mainly used in consumer electronics, such as wireless audio, electric toys, digital cameras, etc.

③ 16340 battery

16340 battery is a type of lithium battery with a diameter of 16mm and a height of 34mm. Due to its shorter height and relatively small capacity, it is often used in high light flashlights, LED flashlights, headlights, laser lights, lighting fixtures, and other applications.

④ 18650 battery

18650 battery is a type of lithium battery with a diameter of 18mm and a height of 65mm. Its biggest feature is that it has a very high energy density, almost reaching 170 watt hours/kg. Therefore, this type of battery is a cost-effective battery. We often see this type of battery because it is a relatively mature lithium battery with good system quality stability in all aspects. It is widely used in battery capacity scenarios of about 10 kilowatt hours, such as in On small appliances such as mobile phones and laptops.

⑤ 21700 batteries

21700 battery is a type of lithium battery with a diameter of 21mm and a height of 70mm. Due to its increased volume, space utilization efficiency increases, and the energy density of battery cells and systems can be improved. Its volumetric energy density is much higher than that of 18650 battery, and it is widely used in digital, electric vehicles, balance cars, solar powered lithium battery street lights, LED lights, electric tools, etc.

⑥ 26650 battery

26650 battery is a type of lithium battery with a diameter of 26mm and a height of 65mm, with a nominal voltage of 3.2V and a nominal capacity of 3200mAh. This type of battery has excellent capacity and high consistency, and has gradually become a trend to replace 18650 batteries. Many products in the field of power batteries will also gradually favor it.

⑦ 32650 battery

32650 battery is a type of lithium battery with a diameter of 32mm and a height of 65mm. This type of battery has strong continuous discharge capacity, making it suitable for electric toys, backup power sources, UPS batteries, wind power generation systems, and wind solar complementary power generation systems.

3、 Development of cylindrical lithium battery market

The technological progress of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries mainly comes from the innovation research and application progress of key battery materials. Through the development of new materials, battery performance is further improved, quality is improved, costs are reduced, and safety is improved. To meet the requirements of downstream applications for improving the specific energy of batteries, on the one hand, high specific capacity materials can be used, and on the other hand, high voltage materials can be used by increasing the charging voltage.

The cylindrical lithium-ion battery has evolved from 14500 to Tesla 21700. In the near to medium term, while optimizing the existing lithium-ion power battery technology to meet the needs of large-scale development of new energy vehicles, the focus is on developing new lithium-ion power batteries, improving their safety, consistency, and lifespan, and carrying out forward-looking research and development of new system power batteries.

In order to achieve the medium and long-term development of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries, while continuously optimizing and improving new lithium-ion power batteries, we will focus on the research and development of new system power batteries, significantly improving specific energy, significantly reducing costs, and achieving practical and large-scale application of new system power batteries.

4、 Comparison between cylindrical lithium batteries and square lithium batteries

1. Battery shape: The size of the square can be designed arbitrarily, while cylindrical batteries cannot be compared.

2. Multiplication characteristics: Due to the process limitations of welding multipole ears in cylindrical batteries, the multiplication characteristics are slightly worse than those in square multipole ear batteries.

3. Discharge platform: A lithium battery using the same positive and negative electrode materials and electrolyte should theoretically have a consistent discharge platform, but the discharge platform inside a square lithium battery is slightly higher.

4. Product quality: The manufacturing process of cylindrical batteries is relatively mature, and the probability of secondary cutting defects in the electrode is low. In addition, the maturity and automation level of the winding process are relatively high. Currently, the lamination process is still semi manual, which has a negative impact on battery quality.

5. Pole ear welding: The pole ear of cylindrical batteries is easier to weld than that of square lithium batteries; Square lithium batteries are prone to false soldering, which affects the quality of the battery.

6. PACK grouping: Cylindrical batteries have a more user-friendly feature, so PACK technology is simple and has good heat dissipation effect; When packing square lithium batteries, it is necessary to solve the problem of heat dissipation.

7. Structural features: The chemical activity at the corners of the square lithium battery is poor, and the energy density of the battery is prone to decay after long-term use, resulting in a short battery life.

5、 Comparison between cylindrical lithium batteries and soft pack lithium batteries

1. Soft pack batteries have good safety performance. The structure of soft pack batteries is packaged with aluminum-plastic film. When safety issues occur, soft pack batteries generally burst and crack, unlike steel or aluminum shell cells that may explode; In terms of safety performance, it is superior to cylindrical lithium batteries.

2. Soft pack batteries are relatively lightweight, with a weight 40% lighter than steel shell lithium batteries of the same capacity and 20% lighter than cylindrical aluminum shell lithium batteries; Low internal resistance, the internal resistance of soft pack batteries is smaller than that of lithium batteries, which can greatly reduce the battery's self consumption;

3. Soft pack batteries have good cycling performance, with a longer cycling life. The attenuation after 100 cycles is 4% to 7% less than that of cylindrical aluminum shell batteries;

4. The design of the soft pack battery is relatively flexible, with a variable shape that can be thinner. It can be customized according to customer needs and new battery cell models can be developed. However, cylindrical lithium batteries do not meet this condition.

The shortcomings of soft pack batteries compared to cylindrical lithium batteries are poor consistency, high cost, and easy leakage. High costs can be solved through large-scale production, while leakage can be solved by improving the quality of aluminum-plastic film.

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