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On September 4 local time, the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association announced at the monthly regular meeting held with the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan that Toyota, Nissan and other Japanese automobile manufacturers would jointly launch a project in October to recycle retired lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles. With the increasing popularity of electric vehicles, the recycling of retired batteries has become a serious social problem. The Japanese auto manufacturers who have always been keen on "holding together for heating" are no exception this time. They hope to work together to establish an effective recycling system for waste batteries, reduce the cost of power battery recycling, and achieve sustainable development.

Carry out the "unity" to the end

It is reported that the retired battery recycling project will be operated by the Japanese Automobile Recycling Cooperation Agency, a joint venture funded by several Japanese automobile manufacturers and headquartered in Tokyo. The project will initially set up factories in seven prefectures in Japan, including Hokkaido, Akita, Ibaraki, Aichi, Okayama, Hiroshima and Yamaguchi. More battery recycling facilities will be built nationwide later. In addition to automobile manufacturers, the project will also be open to Japanese imported automobile dealers and electric vehicle start-ups.

The Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association hopes to establish a recycling mode for retired lithium batteries covering the entire industry. So, how does the project work? After receiving the waste electric vehicles, the vehicle dismantling network will disassemble the retired batteries and then transfer them to the recycling plant mentioned above for disposal. Automobile manufacturers need to pay a certain processing fee to the Japanese Automobile Recycling Cooperation Agency.

At present, the warranty period of electric vehicle power battery provided by mainstream automobile manufacturers in the market is generally 5-8 years. That is to say, the first batch of electric vehicles on the market have started to enter the replacement period, and the peak period of lithium ion battery scrapping is coming. Nissan's first generation LEAF pure electric vehicle was launched in 2010, and it is the same as the Prius, a Toyota hybrid vehicle launched in 2011 α Lithium ion power batteries are used. Relevant institutions predict that the number of lithium-ion batteries to be recycled in Japan will increase to 500000 sets by 2025.

With the advent of the electric vehicle era, the recycling of waste power batteries has become an important prerequisite for the sustainable development of the automobile society. To this end, the Japanese automobile industry began to take precautions and take the initiative. Recently, the Japanese automobile industry has been particularly active in the development of electric vehicles, and has repeatedly combined the strength of the entire industry to develop advanced and key technologies. For example, Japan's New Energy Industry Technology Comprehensive Development Agency (NEDO) announced in June this year that it had invested 10 billion yen in the research and development of solid state batteries. Its members include 23 vehicle, battery and material manufacturers, as well as 15 universities and public research institutions. In July this year, the Ministry of Industry of Japan said that Japanese auto enterprises planned to establish a joint procurement organization to ensure the supply of cobalt, an important raw material for lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles.

The prospect of secondary utilization is broad

At present, there are mainly two recycling modes for power batteries: one is cascade utilization. Cascade utilization belongs to light scrapping, which can be used in energy storage equipment and low-speed electric vehicles for secondary utilization; Second, recycling. After disassembly, the raw materials of lithium battery are extracted again for battery remanufacturing. Recently, IDTechEx market research company pointed out that after the retirement of electric vehicle power batteries, the potential for secondary utilization is huge. In fact, when the power battery is retired, its battery capacity retention rate is still as high as 70%~80% of the initial value. More and more enterprises begin to recycle the retired batteries for static energy storage equipment.

IDTechEx predicts that by 2029, the world's second-hand electric vehicle batteries can be used to manufacture 100GWh energy storage equipment every year. At present, countries around the world are actively carrying out research on the comprehensive utilization of power batteries. European and American countries and Japan started earlier and have started many successful commercial projects and application projects. For example, FreeWire Corporation of the United States and Bosch Group of Germany have successfully developed cascade battery application scenarios such as household and commercial energy storage, mobile power supply and grid energy storage.

In addition, battery recycling is also crucial to ensure the supply of important metal raw materials for lithium batteries. As we all know, as the sales of electric vehicles continue to rise, the cobalt price is also "rising.". Recently, financial analysts of Bloomberg New Energy said that the global cobalt supply shortage may occur earlier than the market forecast, which may have a significant impact on the development of the global electric vehicle market in the next 5 to 7 years. Theoretically, if all the consumed electronic products and electric vehicle batteries can be recycled, by 2030, only 100000 metric tons of cobalt will be needed every year in the world to solve the supply problem. However, according to a report of Bloomberg New Energy Finance, the global battery recycling rate is currently 25%~50%, and the power battery recycling market still has great potential.

Car enterprises have already started to take action

With the increasing number of electric vehicles on the road, lithium ion batteries will usher in a peak period of scrapping. The recycling of power battery is crucial to the battery industry and the entire electric vehicle industry, and will have a huge impact on the entire environment and society. At present, multinational automobile enterprises are racking their brains to reduce the cost of electric vehicles and extend the life of power batteries. You should know that power batteries account for more than 40% of the cost of electric vehicles, and the prices of cobalt, nickel and other precious metals have also started to rise.

In fact, Japanese automobile manufacturers have already begun to explore the commercial model of recycling and reuse of retired power batteries. In March this year, Japan's first factory specializing in the recycling of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles opened. The plant was initiated by 4R Energy Company, a joint venture between Nissan and Sumitomo Corporation, hoping to give new life to these expensive power batteries.

Since May of this year, Nissan has started to provide the owners of LEAF pure electric vehicles with preferential paid services for replacing renewable batteries. By doing so, we can not only reduce the cost of battery replacement, improve the use value of used electric vehicles, but also improve the experience of electric vehicle users and promote the improvement of the use rate of electric vehicles. These recycled batteries were just produced after the retired batteries were recycled by 4R Energy Company. The selling price is 300000 yen, which is half of the price of Nissan LEAF's new replacement batteries. "By recycling the used batteries of electric vehicles, we hope to improve the (residual) value of electric vehicles, which is also conducive to establishing a sound recycling system for used batteries." 4R CEO Eiji Makino said.

In February this year, Toyota and Central Electric Power Company of Japan reached a cooperation, and the two sides will jointly develop a new set of large capacity battery pack system to solve the problem of recycling of waste batteries. It is understood that Central Power Company and Toyota will start to verify the battery system in fiscal year 2018, and plan to introduce a battery system in 2020 to provide 10000 kW of power generation. The two companies hope that the implementation of the project will not only effectively solve the problem of recycling old batteries, but also have a positive impact on the operation of the thermal power plant. In addition to these Japanese auto manufacturers, Renault, BMW, BYD and other auto companies have also launched a number of projects and commercial initiatives aimed at giving retired power batteries a second life.

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