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Physical methods include fire method, mechanical fracture flotation method, mechanical grinding method, organic solvent dissolution method, and hydrothermal dissolution precipitation method. The fire method, also known as the dry method, is the most commonly used physical recovery method. It requires the removal of bonded organic matter through high-temperature incineration analysis to achieve separation between the packaging materials of lithium-ion batteries. At the same time, it can oxidize, reduce, and analyze the metals and their compounds in the battery. After they evaporate in the form of water vapor, they are collected by condensation methods, etc. The pyrometallurgical process is simple and can effectively remove organic substances such as electrolytes and binders from batteries. However, the operating energy consumption is high, and if the temperature is too high, the aluminum foil will be oxidized into alumina, resulting in reduced value and difficulty in collection. At the same time, it is necessary to study corresponding measures to guard against environmental pollution caused by the exhaust gas generated by high-temperature combustion.

Chemical method (also known as wet method) is the process of purifying, separating, and purifying metal elements such as cobalt, lithium, and aluminum in the positive electrode of a lithium-ion battery using chemical reagents such as sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, etc. after disassembling the broken lithium-ion battery. Due to the formation of harmful chlorine gas during the reaction when leaching metal ions with hydrochloric acid, the commonly used leaching system is a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. For the leaching solution after acid leaching, methods such as precipitation, extraction, salting out, and electrochemical methods can be used to achieve the purification of metal ions.

The chemical method is relatively mature and has a higher recovery rate than the physical method. However, metal oxides are generally obtained and cannot be directly used as positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The process of preparing positive electrode materials using the recovered metal oxides in the future is more complex and costly.

Comparing the two process flows, it can be found that the physical method can directly recover the positive electrode material, negative electrode material electrolyte, and separator, and can be used for the reprocessing of lithium-ion batteries after simple solutions. However, this method requires at least the same positive and negative electrode materials and electrolytes used in waste lithium-ion batteries. However, in reality, there are many positive electrode materials for power lithium-ion batteries, and high energy density ternary materials can also be classified into various models such as 811, 522, and 111 based on their own composition ratios. Therefore, the physical method has not yet been commercialized and used, and the industry generally adopts relatively mature chemical methods.

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