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（1） Industry concept and characteristics

1. The automation level of lithium battery equipment directly determines the battery performance

Lithium ion battery refers to the secondary battery with lithium intercalated compound as the positive and negative electrode material. During the charging and discharging process, lithium ions are disembedded and embedded back and forth between the two electrodes, commonly known as "rocking chair battery". Lithium ion batteries have outstanding advantages such as good charging and discharging performance, high energy density, high voltage, and no memory effect. Their market share in the field of secondary batteries has rapidly increased. In addition to being widely used in consumer electronics batteries, they are now the main route of new energy vehicle power batteries.

The manufacturing process of lithium ion battery can be divided into four main processes: electrode fabrication, cell assembly, activation detection and battery assembly. Among them, electrode production includes the production of positive electrode and negative electrode, and the main links include batching, mixing, coating, rolling, cutting and lug. As the quality of electrode chips directly determines the overall performance of the battery, electrode fabrication is the key process for lithium ion battery manufacturing.

Lithium ion battery manufacturing equipment refers to all kinds of mechanical equipment required for lithium ion battery production line, which is referred to as "lithium battery equipment" for short. In addition to the materials used in the battery itself, the manufacturing process and production equipment are important factors that determine the battery performance. With the surge in demand for power batteries, the lithium battery equipment market has ushered in a new round of high growth. At the same time, due to the continuous improvement of battery performance requirements, lithium battery manufacturing equipment is also experiencing a technological revolution and moving towards high automation

According to the production process of lithium ion battery, lithium battery equipment can be divided into front-end equipment, middle end equipment and back-end equipment. The front-end equipment mainly refers to the vacuum mixer, coating machine, roller press and slitter required in the electrode production process. The coating process requires that the mixed slurry be evenly coated on the metal, with the thickness accurate to 3 μ Below m, it is necessary to ensure that there is no burr on the surface of the slice, otherwise the subsequent process will be greatly affected. Therefore, front-end equipment is the core equipment of battery manufacturing, which is related to the quality of the entire production line. The middle end equipment mainly covers the cell assembly process, mainly including the winding machine or laminating machine, the cell into the shell machine, the liquid injection machine, the sealing welding and other equipment, while the rear end equipment mainly covers the cell activation and formation, volume separation detection, and the assembly of battery packs and other processes. Relatively speaking, the middle and rear end equipment such as shell entry, sealing, detection and other machines are relatively simple, with low technical requirements.

From the perspective of lithium battery cost, the elasticity of the cost of power battery raw materials is the lowest, accounting for about 50% of the current total cost of battery cells, while the remaining 50% includes sales expenses, financial expenses, equipment depreciation, etc. Due to the low scale effect of domestic power batteries, the amortization cost is high, and the cost of battery cells and batteries increases accordingly. Since last year, domestic power battery plants have planned to expand their production and achieve economies of scale through the use of high-end automatic lithium battery production equipment, which is also the core driving force for the development of domestic lithium battery equipment industry.

2. The price of lithium battery equipment varies

The different precision and automation level of equipment in each link determine the price difference. Generally speaking, because the front-end electrode preparation process is the initial processing of raw materials, the quality of the processing results will directly affect the performance of the electrode, so the requirements for precision and automation are the highest, and the corresponding price is also the highest. For example, in addition to mixing the slurry evenly, the mixer should also ensure that no bubbles are mixed, while the coating machine needs to control the thickness of the slurry coating to 3 μ Below m, this process condition puts forward high requirements for the accuracy of the equipment itself.

From the product price disclosed by Yinghe Technology, the core link coater and slitter have the highest price. In 2014, the average price was 735600 yuan and 492200 yuan respectively, while the price of winding machine and film maker was relatively low, 233200 yuan and 213900 yuan respectively. Other auxiliary equipment, such as oven, grooving machine and pre charging cabinet, have little impact on the battery performance, and the relative accuracy requirements and prices are also the lowest. It is worth noting that lithium battery equipment is generally "non-standard" production, and manufacturers produce different equipment according to the personalized needs of downstream customers, so the equipment prices are also different, and the equipment used in different processes are also different. Take winding as an example, the winders of square batteries and cylindrical batteries are very different. Cost plus pricing is widely used in the industry to ensure the gross profit margin of lithium battery equipment manufacturers.

In the international market, the price of domestic equipment is far lower than that of foreign equipment. On the one hand, domestic labor and manufacturing costs are lower. More importantly, the automation level of domestic equipment is still low, and the performance gap between high-end equipment in Japan and South Korea is very obvious.

3. Market space of lithium battery equipment industry

Lithium battery manufacturing equipment is mainly used for lithium ion battery production, so the growth of lithium ion battery demand is the fundamental driving force for the growth of lithium battery equipment industry. At present, lithium-ion batteries are mainly used in consumer electronics, new energy vehicle power and energy storage. In 2014, the global lithium-ion battery market size was 24.9 billion US dollars, equivalent to 53.6 GWh of total capacity, of which consumer lithium-ion batteries accounted for 67%, down 7 percentage points year on year, power lithium accounted for 19%, up 6 percentage points year on year, and other types (energy storage&industrial) accounted for 14%, up 1 percentage point year on year.

With the rise of new energy vehicles and renewable energy power generation, the proportion of power lithium batteries and energy storage lithium batteries will further increase in the future. The demand for battery capacity of new energy vehicles and energy storage systems is much larger than that of small lithium batteries, and the proportion of lithium ion batteries will continue to increase with the industrial development.

According to the data of Gaogong Lithium Battery (GBII), the scale of China's lithium battery equipment market in 2014 was 3.8 billion yuan, up 31% year on year. It is estimated that it will reach 7.5 billion yuan in 2015, doubling the growth. It is mainly affected by the following factors:

(1) A new wave of expansion of power batteries: In 2014, the sales volume of new energy vehicles in China was 74000, which is expected to exceed 200000 this year and reach 1 million in 2020. The industry will maintain an average growth rate of 10 times over 6 years;

(2) Product transformation and equipment replacement: In 2014, the growth of aluminum shell and cylinder markets was limited, especially in the aluminum shell field, so many traditional aluminum shell manufacturers transformed into soft bags. Due to the difference between the soft packaging production line and the cylinder and aluminum shell production line, the equipment needs to be updated;

(3) Improvement of production line and upgrading of equipment: in order to save labor costs and improve product consistency, fully automatic equipment is gradually accepted. The semi-automatic and manual equipment before are constantly replaced and eliminated, and the proportion of fully automatic equipment is getting higher and higher.

According to the research institute's prediction of the global lithium battery power consumption, by 2020, the total power consumption of the world's small lithium batteries, new energy vehicles and industrial energy storage will reach 245GWh, more than four times that of 2013, and the compound annual growth rate will reach 24%. Among them, 148GWh of small lithium batteries has a compound annual growth rate of 17.8%. The compound annual growth rates of power batteries and energy storage batteries are 44.4% and 49.8% respectively.

Power lithium battery will be the main force to pull the cycle of lithium battery equipment in this round. From the perspective of equipment, the market scale of small lithium batteries is leading, but small lithium batteries are difficult to be used in the manufacture of power lithium batteries, and the requirements for precision and consistency are obviously different, which also causes enterprises focusing on power batteries to prefer to redesign and introduce new equipment rather than simply use existing small lithium batteries.

（2） Development trend and market scale of lithium battery industry

1. Analysis on the development trend of lithium battery industry

After more than 20 years of development, the market scale of lithium-ion battery has grown from scratch, and has successively surpassed other secondary batteries such as nickel cadmium battery, nickel hydrogen battery, and developed into the second largest secondary battery product after lead-acid battery. From 2010 to 2014, the rise of smart phones, tablet computers, electric vehicles and other emerging markets that consume more power than traditional functional phones has promoted the rapid development and market popularization of the lithium-ion battery market. By 2014, the scale of the global lithium ion battery market had rapidly developed to 66.465 million kWh, an increase of more than three times over 2010. In 2015, the global sales volume of new energy vehicles was 730000, with a year-on-year growth of 108%; The output of lithium battery also increased from 72GW in 2014 to 100GW, with a year-on-year growth of 40%; The proportion of power battery in lithium battery production also increased rapidly from 14% in 2014 to 28% in 2015. As for the expectation of the future market size, under the comprehensive consideration of various factors, True Lithium Research and China Battery Network predict that the global lithium ion battery market size will exceed 200 million kWh in 2020, and the compound annual growth rate in the second decade of the 21st century will be close to 25%.

Data source: China Industrial Development Research Network

With the expansion of the market scale, the lithium battery automatic production equipment industry has shifted from the initial function realization of lithium battery production to the direction of high-precision, safety and standardization. Nowadays, the requirements for lithium battery capacity and performance of consumer electronics products are constantly improving, the demand for lithium battery power of energy storage batteries and power batteries is growing, and the stability and life of lithium batteries are almost strict in new energy applications such as wireless sensors and implantable medical devices. The lithium battery automatic production equipment industry will further improve its research and development level and technical strength in response to the development of downstream industry needs Improve the process level and automation degree of equipment to meet the requirements of downstream lithium batteries for large capacity, high power, high performance, high stability and other characteristics. In the field of power battery, the technical level and degree of automation of lithium battery automatic production equipment will play an important role in improving the production process, quality control, standardization, stability and efficiency of battery cells. At the same time, the technical improvement and quality control of lithium battery automatic production equipment is the basis for downstream lithium battery process improvement and performance improvement, and also an important guarantee for the development of lithium battery industry and new energy industry represented by lithium battery application.

① Improvement of automatic production capacity

At present, there is still a gap between China's lithium battery automatic production equipment and foreign advanced equipment in terms of automatic production capacity. In the case of increasing demand, fully automated lithium battery production equipment will ensure that lithium batteries have good consistency, so as to ensure that lithium batteries have high safety. In terms of lithium-ion power battery and other large capacity batteries, there is a high requirement for the consistency of battery cells formed in series, and downstream customers have a great demand for improving the automation level of production equipment; Lithium battery production equipment will focus on improving the working efficiency and automation level of the equipment in terms of cell production, especially the alignment of the cell, the accuracy of the ear position and the consistency of the battery; In terms of assembly equipment, it is necessary to improve the consistency of safety inspection management system and assembly, and enhance the automatic production capacity of assembly equipment.

② Integration of lithium battery production equipment

The development process of enterprises in the industry is mainly reflected in two development modes: one is that enterprises choose the direction of professional development, focus on R&D and production of first class products, concentrate on doing well, and establish a good brand image; Another type of company, after establishing advantages in a single product, quickly implements relevant diversification strategies with the help of brand advantages to develop other automatic production equipment. With the improvement of automation requirements for lithium battery production, building an integrated production line will become the future development direction.

③ Lithium ion power battery production equipment will become the focus of industry development

Lithium ion power battery will occupy a large market share in the future development of lithium battery industry, which will promote the automatic production equipment of lithium ion power battery to enter a new development period. Power battery is one of the core components of new energy vehicles, accounting for 40-60% of the cost of new energy vehicles. It is the main factor of high cost of new energy vehicles. In recent years, the vigorous development of global new energy vehicles, especially the explosive growth of new energy vehicles in the domestic market, has made lithium-ion power batteries the fastest growing part of lithium batteries.

Due to the high requirements for safety of lithium-ion power battery, the automatic production equipment of lithium-ion power battery also has higher requirements for stability and accuracy. The industrialization process and production line design of lithium-ion power battery have become the difficulties and focus of research and development in the industry. Enterprises in the industry need to strengthen cooperation with downstream customers, closely follow customer needs, and make corresponding adjustments to products.

④ The substitution effect of domestic equipment on imported equipment is becoming more and more obvious

The research and development of foreign equipment started early, with high precision, high automation and superior performance. However, it has great limitations in battery model transformation, low flexibility, narrow application scope of equipment, and does not match the domestic battery production methods with many types. Domestic equipment is developed and manufactured according to the technological characteristics of battery production in China, with strong adaptability and obvious cost performance advantages. The lithium battery automatic production equipment industry is a nonstandard equipment industry. The performance of the equipment needs to be constantly improved according to the change of the customer's production process. The domestic manufacturers can fully meet the customer's production process needs with fast response speed. In case of equipment failure, timely communication and handling can be carried out to minimize customer losses. At the same time, the improvement of the technical level of domestic lithium battery automatic production equipment will further narrow the gap between domestic equipment and imported equipment in terms of product quality, and the cost performance advantage of domestic equipment and the substitution effect on imported equipment will be more obvious.

2. Development of lithium battery automatic production equipment industry

(1) Development history of lithium battery automatic production equipment industry

Lithium battery industry belongs to the downstream industry of lithium battery automatic production equipment, which was first developed in Japan. With the development of lithium battery industry scale, Kaido Company of Japan successfully developed the first square lithium battery winding machine in 1990, and lithium battery automatic production equipment began to appear. Koem Company of South Korea successfully developed the lithium ion battery winding machine and lithium ion battery assembly machine in 1999. Subsequently, lithium battery automatic production equipment began to develop, but Japan and South Korea have always been in a leading position, occupying the main market share with good technology and reputation. At present, there are still some large-scale battery plants in China that purchase automation production equipment from Japanese and Korean related enterprises.

After China's entry into the WTO, domestic manufacturers began to learn from foreign technologies, combined with domestic low-cost labor and flexible and sensitive market tentacles, and began to stand firm and develop slowly in the field of automatic production equipment. By 2006, a number of professional lithium battery automatic production equipment manufacturers had appeared in China.

In order to adapt to the further development of China's lithium battery industry, improving the level of lithium battery production process and developing and producing lithium battery manufacturing equipment with independent intellectual property rights have become the requirements for further development of enterprises in the industry. In recent years, with the rapid growth of market demand in the lithium battery industry, lithium battery manufacturers have expanded their production capacity on a large scale. A number of lithium battery automatic production equipment manufacturers with strong R&D and manufacturing capabilities have emerged in China.

(2) Development status of lithium battery automation equipment industry

① Overview of lithium battery industry

China, South Korea and Japan are the three largest lithium ion battery producers in the world. The output of the three countries accounts for about 90% of the world output, and each country accounts for about 30%. In recent years, China's lithium battery equipment industry has developed rapidly. In 2015, the market scale of China's lithium battery production reached 125.15 billion yuan, with a compound growth rate of 33.21% from 2011 to 2015.

Lithium battery industry is a downstream industry of lithium battery automatic production equipment industry. Lithium battery is a kind of rechargeable battery that uses lithium ion to move between positive and negative electrodes to achieve charging and discharging purposes. At present, the rechargeable batteries mainly used in the market can be divided into lead acid batteries, nickel cadmium batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries and lithium ion batteries according to the material classification.

Data source: GF Securities, wind information

Compared with other rechargeable batteries, lithium batteries have the advantages of high energy density, high voltage, long life, no memory effect and so on. At present, they have occupied the mainstream market of batteries for mobile phones, laptop computers and other consumer electronic products. In the future, with the further improvement of lithium battery production process and battery performance, lithium batteries will occupy the mainstream market in energy storage batteries, power batteries and other fields.

Since Sony Corporation of Japan put lithium batteries into industrialization in 1992, lithium batteries have been widely used in mobile phones, laptops and other industries. With the progress of technology and the improvement of performance, the application of lithium batteries will gradually expand to many different fields.

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